Bump packaging from 23.1 to 24.0 (#2274)

* Bump packaging from 23.1 to 24.0

Bumps [packaging](https://github.com/pypa/packaging) from 23.1 to 24.0.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/pypa/packaging/releases)
- [Changelog](https://github.com/pypa/packaging/blob/main/CHANGELOG.rst)
- [Commits](https://github.com/pypa/packaging/compare/23.1...24.0)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: packaging
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

* Update packaging==24.0

---------

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: JonnyWong16 <9099342+JonnyWong16@users.noreply.github.com>

[skip ci]

lib/packaging/specifiers.py

@@ -11,17 +11,7 @@
 import abc
 import itertools
 import re
-from typing import (
-    Callable,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
 
 from .utils import canonicalize_version
 from .version import Version
@@ -383,7 +373,7 @@ class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
 
         # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
         # ignore suffix segments.
-        prefix = ".".join(
+        prefix = _version_join(
             list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
         )
 
@@ -404,13 +394,13 @@ class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
             )
             # Get the normalized version string ignoring the trailing .*
             normalized_spec = canonicalize_version(spec[:-2], strip_trailing_zero=False)
-            # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit
-            # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            # Split the spec out by bangs and dots, and pretend that there is
+            # an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
             split_spec = _version_split(normalized_spec)
 
-            # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there
-            # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release
-            # segment.
+            # Split the prospective version out by bangs and dots, and pretend
+            # that there is an implicit dot in between a release segment and
+            # a pre-release segment.
             split_prospective = _version_split(normalized_prospective)
 
             # 0-pad the prospective version before shortening it to get the correct
@@ -644,8 +634,19 @@ _prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
 
 
 def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Split version into components.
+
+    The split components are intended for version comparison. The logic does
+    not attempt to retain the original version string, so joining the
+    components back with :func:`_version_join` may not produce the original
+    version string.
+    """
     result: List[str] = []
-    for item in version.split("."):
+
+    epoch, _, rest = version.rpartition("!")
+    result.append(epoch or "0")
+
+    for item in rest.split("."):
         match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
         if match:
             result.extend(match.groups())
@@ -654,6 +655,17 @@ def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
     return result
 
 
+def _version_join(components: List[str]) -> str:
+    """Join split version components into a version string.
+
+    This function assumes the input came from :func:`_version_split`, where the
+    first component must be the epoch (either empty or numeric), and all other
+    components numeric.
+    """
+    epoch, *rest = components
+    return f"{epoch}!{'.'.join(rest)}"
+
+
 def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
     return not any(
         segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
@@ -675,7 +687,10 @@ def _pad_version(left: List[str], right: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str
     left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
     right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))
 
-    return (list(itertools.chain(*left_split)), list(itertools.chain(*right_split)))
+    return (
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(left_split)),
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(right_split)),
+    )
 
 
 class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
@@ -707,14 +722,8 @@ class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
         # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
         split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
 
-        # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a
-        # Specifier.
-        parsed: Set[Specifier] = set()
-        for specifier in split_specifiers:
-            parsed.add(Specifier(specifier))
-
-        # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later.
-        self._specs = frozenset(parsed)
+        # Make each individual specifier a Specifier and save in a frozen set for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(map(Specifier, split_specifiers))
 
         # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
         # we accept prereleases or not.