diff --git a/lib/packaging/__init__.py b/lib/packaging/__init__.py
index 13cadc7f..e7c0aa12 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/__init__.py
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ __title__ = "packaging"
 __summary__ = "Core utilities for Python packages"
 __uri__ = "https://github.com/pypa/packaging"
 
-__version__ = "23.1"
+__version__ = "24.0"
 
 __author__ = "Donald Stufft and individual contributors"
 __email__ = "donald@stufft.io"
 
 __license__ = "BSD-2-Clause or Apache-2.0"
-__copyright__ = "2014-2019 %s" % __author__
+__copyright__ = "2014 %s" % __author__
diff --git a/lib/packaging/_manylinux.py b/lib/packaging/_manylinux.py
index 449c655b..ad62505f 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/_manylinux.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/_manylinux.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 import warnings
-from typing import Dict, Generator, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Dict, Generator, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence, Tuple
 
 from ._elffile import EIClass, EIData, ELFFile, EMachine
 
@@ -50,12 +50,21 @@ def _is_linux_i686(executable: str) -> bool:
         )
 
 
-def _have_compatible_abi(executable: str, arch: str) -> bool:
-    if arch == "armv7l":
+def _have_compatible_abi(executable: str, archs: Sequence[str]) -> bool:
+    if "armv7l" in archs:
         return _is_linux_armhf(executable)
-    if arch == "i686":
+    if "i686" in archs:
         return _is_linux_i686(executable)
-    return arch in {"x86_64", "aarch64", "ppc64", "ppc64le", "s390x"}
+    allowed_archs = {
+        "x86_64",
+        "aarch64",
+        "ppc64",
+        "ppc64le",
+        "s390x",
+        "loongarch64",
+        "riscv64",
+    }
+    return any(arch in allowed_archs for arch in archs)
 
 
 # If glibc ever changes its major version, we need to know what the last
@@ -81,7 +90,7 @@ def _glibc_version_string_confstr() -> Optional[str]:
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/fcf1d003bf4f0100c/Lib/platform.py#L175-L183
     try:
         # Should be a string like "glibc 2.17".
-        version_string: str = getattr(os, "confstr")("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
+        version_string: Optional[str] = os.confstr("CS_GNU_LIBC_VERSION")
         assert version_string is not None
         _, version = version_string.rsplit()
     except (AssertionError, AttributeError, OSError, ValueError):
@@ -167,13 +176,13 @@ def _get_glibc_version() -> Tuple[int, int]:
 
 
 # From PEP 513, PEP 600
-def _is_compatible(name: str, arch: str, version: _GLibCVersion) -> bool:
+def _is_compatible(arch: str, version: _GLibCVersion) -> bool:
     sys_glibc = _get_glibc_version()
     if sys_glibc < version:
         return False
     # Check for presence of _manylinux module.
     try:
-        import _manylinux  # noqa
+        import _manylinux
     except ImportError:
         return True
     if hasattr(_manylinux, "manylinux_compatible"):
@@ -203,12 +212,22 @@ _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP = {
 }
 
 
-def platform_tags(linux: str, arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
-    if not _have_compatible_abi(sys.executable, arch):
+def platform_tags(archs: Sequence[str]) -> Iterator[str]:
+    """Generate manylinux tags compatible to the current platform.
+
+    :param archs: Sequence of compatible architectures.
+        The first one shall be the closest to the actual architecture and be the part of
+        platform tag after the ``linux_`` prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``.
+        The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a prerequisite for the current platform to
+        be manylinux-compatible.
+
+    :returns: An iterator of compatible manylinux tags.
+    """
+    if not _have_compatible_abi(sys.executable, archs):
         return
     # Oldest glibc to be supported regardless of architecture is (2, 17).
     too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 16)
-    if arch in {"x86_64", "i686"}:
+    if set(archs) & {"x86_64", "i686"}:
         # On x86/i686 also oldest glibc to be supported is (2, 5).
         too_old_glibc2 = _GLibCVersion(2, 4)
     current_glibc = _GLibCVersion(*_get_glibc_version())
@@ -222,19 +241,20 @@ def platform_tags(linux: str, arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
     for glibc_major in range(current_glibc.major - 1, 1, -1):
         glibc_minor = _LAST_GLIBC_MINOR[glibc_major]
         glibc_max_list.append(_GLibCVersion(glibc_major, glibc_minor))
-    for glibc_max in glibc_max_list:
-        if glibc_max.major == too_old_glibc2.major:
-            min_minor = too_old_glibc2.minor
-        else:
-            # For other glibc major versions oldest supported is (x, 0).
-            min_minor = -1
-        for glibc_minor in range(glibc_max.minor, min_minor, -1):
-            glibc_version = _GLibCVersion(glibc_max.major, glibc_minor)
-            tag = "manylinux_{}_{}".format(*glibc_version)
-            if _is_compatible(tag, arch, glibc_version):
-                yield linux.replace("linux", tag)
-            # Handle the legacy manylinux1, manylinux2010, manylinux2014 tags.
-            if glibc_version in _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP:
-                legacy_tag = _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP[glibc_version]
-                if _is_compatible(legacy_tag, arch, glibc_version):
-                    yield linux.replace("linux", legacy_tag)
+    for arch in archs:
+        for glibc_max in glibc_max_list:
+            if glibc_max.major == too_old_glibc2.major:
+                min_minor = too_old_glibc2.minor
+            else:
+                # For other glibc major versions oldest supported is (x, 0).
+                min_minor = -1
+            for glibc_minor in range(glibc_max.minor, min_minor, -1):
+                glibc_version = _GLibCVersion(glibc_max.major, glibc_minor)
+                tag = "manylinux_{}_{}".format(*glibc_version)
+                if _is_compatible(arch, glibc_version):
+                    yield f"{tag}_{arch}"
+                # Handle the legacy manylinux1, manylinux2010, manylinux2014 tags.
+                if glibc_version in _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP:
+                    legacy_tag = _LEGACY_MANYLINUX_MAP[glibc_version]
+                    if _is_compatible(arch, glibc_version):
+                        yield f"{legacy_tag}_{arch}"
diff --git a/lib/packaging/_musllinux.py b/lib/packaging/_musllinux.py
index 706ba600..86419df9 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/_musllinux.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/_musllinux.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import functools
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from typing import Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional
+from typing import Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Sequence
 
 from ._elffile import ELFFile
 
@@ -47,24 +47,27 @@ def _get_musl_version(executable: str) -> Optional[_MuslVersion]:
         return None
     if ld is None or "musl" not in ld:
         return None
-    proc = subprocess.run([ld], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True)
+    proc = subprocess.run([ld], stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
     return _parse_musl_version(proc.stderr)
 
 
-def platform_tags(arch: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+def platform_tags(archs: Sequence[str]) -> Iterator[str]:
     """Generate musllinux tags compatible to the current platform.
 
-    :param arch: Should be the part of platform tag after the ``linux_``
-        prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``. The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a
-        prerequisite for the current platform to be musllinux-compatible.
+    :param archs: Sequence of compatible architectures.
+        The first one shall be the closest to the actual architecture and be the part of
+        platform tag after the ``linux_`` prefix, e.g. ``x86_64``.
+        The ``linux_`` prefix is assumed as a prerequisite for the current platform to
+        be musllinux-compatible.
 
     :returns: An iterator of compatible musllinux tags.
     """
     sys_musl = _get_musl_version(sys.executable)
     if sys_musl is None:  # Python not dynamically linked against musl.
         return
-    for minor in range(sys_musl.minor, -1, -1):
-        yield f"musllinux_{sys_musl.major}_{minor}_{arch}"
+    for arch in archs:
+        for minor in range(sys_musl.minor, -1, -1):
+            yield f"musllinux_{sys_musl.major}_{minor}_{arch}"
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
diff --git a/lib/packaging/_parser.py b/lib/packaging/_parser.py
index 5a18b758..684df754 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/_parser.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/_parser.py
@@ -252,7 +252,13 @@ def _parse_version_many(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> str:
 # Recursive descent parser for marker expression
 # --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def parse_marker(source: str) -> MarkerList:
-    return _parse_marker(Tokenizer(source, rules=DEFAULT_RULES))
+    return _parse_full_marker(Tokenizer(source, rules=DEFAULT_RULES))
+
+
+def _parse_full_marker(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerList:
+    retval = _parse_marker(tokenizer)
+    tokenizer.expect("END", expected="end of marker expression")
+    return retval
 
 
 def _parse_marker(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerList:
@@ -318,10 +324,7 @@ def _parse_marker_var(tokenizer: Tokenizer) -> MarkerVar:
 
 
 def process_env_var(env_var: str) -> Variable:
-    if (
-        env_var == "platform_python_implementation"
-        or env_var == "python_implementation"
-    ):
+    if env_var in ("platform_python_implementation", "python_implementation"):
         return Variable("platform_python_implementation")
     else:
         return Variable(env_var)
diff --git a/lib/packaging/metadata.py b/lib/packaging/metadata.py
index e76a60c3..fb274930 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/metadata.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/metadata.py
@@ -5,23 +5,77 @@ import email.parser
 import email.policy
 import sys
 import typing
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generic,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing import TypedDict
+from . import requirements, specifiers, utils, version as version_module
+
+T = typing.TypeVar("T")
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing import Literal, TypedDict
 else:  # pragma: no cover
     if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
-        from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+        from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
     else:
         try:
-            from typing_extensions import TypedDict
+            from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
         except ImportError:
 
+            class Literal:
+                def __init_subclass__(*_args, **_kwargs):
+                    pass
+
             class TypedDict:
                 def __init_subclass__(*_args, **_kwargs):
                     pass
 
 
+try:
+    ExceptionGroup
+except NameError:  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class ExceptionGroup(Exception):  # noqa: N818
+        """A minimal implementation of :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` from Python 3.11.
+
+        If :external:exc:`ExceptionGroup` is already defined by Python itself,
+        that version is used instead.
+        """
+
+        message: str
+        exceptions: List[Exception]
+
+        def __init__(self, message: str, exceptions: List[Exception]) -> None:
+            self.message = message
+            self.exceptions = exceptions
+
+        def __repr__(self) -> str:
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({self.message!r}, {self.exceptions!r})"
+
+else:  # pragma: no cover
+    ExceptionGroup = ExceptionGroup
+
+
+class InvalidMetadata(ValueError):
+    """A metadata field contains invalid data."""
+
+    field: str
+    """The name of the field that contains invalid data."""
+
+    def __init__(self, field: str, message: str) -> None:
+        self.field = field
+        super().__init__(message)
+
+
 # The RawMetadata class attempts to make as few assumptions about the underlying
 # serialization formats as possible. The idea is that as long as a serialization
 # formats offer some very basic primitives in *some* way then we can support
@@ -33,7 +87,8 @@ class RawMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
     provided). The key is lower-case and underscores are used instead of dashes
     compared to the equivalent core metadata field. Any core metadata field that
     can be specified multiple times or can hold multiple values in a single
-    field have a key with a plural name.
+    field have a key with a plural name. See :class:`Metadata` whose attributes
+    match the keys of this dictionary.
 
     Core metadata fields that can be specified multiple times are stored as a
     list or dict depending on which is appropriate for the field. Any fields
@@ -77,7 +132,7 @@ class RawMetadata(TypedDict, total=False):
     # but got stuck without ever being able to build consensus on
     # it and ultimately ended up withdrawn.
     #
-    # However, a number of tools had started emiting METADATA with
+    # However, a number of tools had started emitting METADATA with
     # `2.0` Metadata-Version, so for historical reasons, this version
     # was skipped.
 
@@ -110,7 +165,7 @@ _STRING_FIELDS = {
     "version",
 }
 
-_LIST_STRING_FIELDS = {
+_LIST_FIELDS = {
     "classifiers",
     "dynamic",
     "obsoletes",
@@ -125,6 +180,10 @@ _LIST_STRING_FIELDS = {
     "supported_platforms",
 }
 
+_DICT_FIELDS = {
+    "project_urls",
+}
+
 
 def _parse_keywords(data: str) -> List[str]:
     """Split a string of comma-separate keyboards into a list of keywords."""
@@ -230,10 +289,11 @@ _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING = {
     "supported-platform": "supported_platforms",
     "version": "version",
 }
+_RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING = {raw: email for email, raw in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING.items()}
 
 
 def parse_email(data: Union[bytes, str]) -> Tuple[RawMetadata, Dict[str, List[str]]]:
-    """Parse a distribution's metadata.
+    """Parse a distribution's metadata stored as email headers (e.g. from ``METADATA``).
 
     This function returns a two-item tuple of dicts. The first dict is of
     recognized fields from the core metadata specification. Fields that can be
@@ -267,7 +327,7 @@ def parse_email(data: Union[bytes, str]) -> Tuple[RawMetadata, Dict[str, List[st
         # We use get_all() here, even for fields that aren't multiple use,
         # because otherwise someone could have e.g. two Name fields, and we
         # would just silently ignore it rather than doing something about it.
-        headers = parsed.get_all(name)
+        headers = parsed.get_all(name) or []
 
         # The way the email module works when parsing bytes is that it
         # unconditionally decodes the bytes as ascii using the surrogateescape
@@ -349,7 +409,7 @@ def parse_email(data: Union[bytes, str]) -> Tuple[RawMetadata, Dict[str, List[st
         # If this is one of our list of string fields, then we can just assign
         # the value, since email *only* has strings, and our get_all() call
         # above ensures that this is a list.
-        elif raw_name in _LIST_STRING_FIELDS:
+        elif raw_name in _LIST_FIELDS:
             raw[raw_name] = value
         # Special Case: Keywords
         # The keywords field is implemented in the metadata spec as a str,
@@ -406,3 +466,360 @@ def parse_email(data: Union[bytes, str]) -> Tuple[RawMetadata, Dict[str, List[st
     # way this function is implemented, our `TypedDict` can only have valid key
     # names.
     return cast(RawMetadata, raw), unparsed
+
+
+_NOT_FOUND = object()
+
+
+# Keep the two values in sync.
+_VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS = ["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
+_MetadataVersion = Literal["1.0", "1.1", "1.2", "2.1", "2.2", "2.3"]
+
+_REQUIRED_ATTRS = frozenset(["metadata_version", "name", "version"])
+
+
+class _Validator(Generic[T]):
+    """Validate a metadata field.
+
+    All _process_*() methods correspond to a core metadata field. The method is
+    called with the field's raw value. If the raw value is valid it is returned
+    in its "enriched" form (e.g. ``version.Version`` for the ``Version`` field).
+    If the raw value is invalid, :exc:`InvalidMetadata` is raised (with a cause
+    as appropriate).
+    """
+
+    name: str
+    raw_name: str
+    added: _MetadataVersion
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        added: _MetadataVersion = "1.0",
+    ) -> None:
+        self.added = added
+
+    def __set_name__(self, _owner: "Metadata", name: str) -> None:
+        self.name = name
+        self.raw_name = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[name]
+
+    def __get__(self, instance: "Metadata", _owner: Type["Metadata"]) -> T:
+        # With Python 3.8, the caching can be replaced with functools.cached_property().
+        # No need to check the cache as attribute lookup will resolve into the
+        # instance's __dict__ before __get__ is called.
+        cache = instance.__dict__
+        value = instance._raw.get(self.name)
+
+        # To make the _process_* methods easier, we'll check if the value is None
+        # and if this field is NOT a required attribute, and if both of those
+        # things are true, we'll skip the the converter. This will mean that the
+        # converters never have to deal with the None union.
+        if self.name in _REQUIRED_ATTRS or value is not None:
+            try:
+                converter: Callable[[Any], T] = getattr(self, f"_process_{self.name}")
+            except AttributeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                value = converter(value)
+
+        cache[self.name] = value
+        try:
+            del instance._raw[self.name]  # type: ignore[misc]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        return cast(T, value)
+
+    def _invalid_metadata(
+        self, msg: str, cause: Optional[Exception] = None
+    ) -> InvalidMetadata:
+        exc = InvalidMetadata(
+            self.raw_name, msg.format_map({"field": repr(self.raw_name)})
+        )
+        exc.__cause__ = cause
+        return exc
+
+    def _process_metadata_version(self, value: str) -> _MetadataVersion:
+        # Implicitly makes Metadata-Version required.
+        if value not in _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid metadata version")
+        return cast(_MetadataVersion, value)
+
+    def _process_name(self, value: str) -> str:
+        if not value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
+        # Validate the name as a side-effect.
+        try:
+            utils.canonicalize_name(value, validate=True)
+        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+        else:
+            return value
+
+    def _process_version(self, value: str) -> version_module.Version:
+        if not value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} is a required field")
+        try:
+            return version_module.parse(value)
+        except version_module.InvalidVersion as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+
+    def _process_summary(self, value: str) -> str:
+        """Check the field contains no newlines."""
+        if "\n" in value:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata("{field} must be a single line")
+        return value
+
+    def _process_description_content_type(self, value: str) -> str:
+        content_types = {"text/plain", "text/x-rst", "text/markdown"}
+        message = email.message.EmailMessage()
+        message["content-type"] = value
+
+        content_type, parameters = (
+            # Defaults to `text/plain` if parsing failed.
+            message.get_content_type().lower(),
+            message["content-type"].params,
+        )
+        # Check if content-type is valid or defaulted to `text/plain` and thus was
+        # not parseable.
+        if content_type not in content_types or content_type not in value.lower():
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{{field}} must be one of {list(content_types)}, not {value!r}"
+            )
+
+        charset = parameters.get("charset", "UTF-8")
+        if charset != "UTF-8":
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{{field}} can only specify the UTF-8 charset, not {list(charset)}"
+            )
+
+        markdown_variants = {"GFM", "CommonMark"}
+        variant = parameters.get("variant", "GFM")  # Use an acceptable default.
+        if content_type == "text/markdown" and variant not in markdown_variants:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"valid Markdown variants for {{field}} are {list(markdown_variants)}, "
+                f"not {variant!r}",
+            )
+        return value
+
+    def _process_dynamic(self, value: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+        for dynamic_field in map(str.lower, value):
+            if dynamic_field in {"name", "version", "metadata-version"}:
+                raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                    f"{value!r} is not allowed as a dynamic field"
+                )
+            elif dynamic_field not in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
+                raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{value!r} is not a valid dynamic field")
+        return list(map(str.lower, value))
+
+    def _process_provides_extra(
+        self,
+        value: List[str],
+    ) -> List[utils.NormalizedName]:
+        normalized_names = []
+        try:
+            for name in value:
+                normalized_names.append(utils.canonicalize_name(name, validate=True))
+        except utils.InvalidName as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{name!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+        else:
+            return normalized_names
+
+    def _process_requires_python(self, value: str) -> specifiers.SpecifierSet:
+        try:
+            return specifiers.SpecifierSet(value)
+        except specifiers.InvalidSpecifier as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(
+                f"{value!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc
+            )
+
+    def _process_requires_dist(
+        self,
+        value: List[str],
+    ) -> List[requirements.Requirement]:
+        reqs = []
+        try:
+            for req in value:
+                reqs.append(requirements.Requirement(req))
+        except requirements.InvalidRequirement as exc:
+            raise self._invalid_metadata(f"{req!r} is invalid for {{field}}", cause=exc)
+        else:
+            return reqs
+
+
+class Metadata:
+    """Representation of distribution metadata.
+
+    Compared to :class:`RawMetadata`, this class provides objects representing
+    metadata fields instead of only using built-in types. Any invalid metadata
+    will cause :exc:`InvalidMetadata` to be raised (with a
+    :py:attr:`~BaseException.__cause__` attribute as appropriate).
+    """
+
+    _raw: RawMetadata
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_raw(cls, data: RawMetadata, *, validate: bool = True) -> "Metadata":
+        """Create an instance from :class:`RawMetadata`.
+
+        If *validate* is true, all metadata will be validated. All exceptions
+        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
+        """
+        ins = cls()
+        ins._raw = data.copy()  # Mutations occur due to caching enriched values.
+
+        if validate:
+            exceptions: List[Exception] = []
+            try:
+                metadata_version = ins.metadata_version
+                metadata_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(metadata_version)
+            except InvalidMetadata as metadata_version_exc:
+                exceptions.append(metadata_version_exc)
+                metadata_version = None
+
+            # Make sure to check for the fields that are present, the required
+            # fields (so their absence can be reported).
+            fields_to_check = frozenset(ins._raw) | _REQUIRED_ATTRS
+            # Remove fields that have already been checked.
+            fields_to_check -= {"metadata_version"}
+
+            for key in fields_to_check:
+                try:
+                    if metadata_version:
+                        # Can't use getattr() as that triggers descriptor protocol which
+                        # will fail due to no value for the instance argument.
+                        try:
+                            field_metadata_version = cls.__dict__[key].added
+                        except KeyError:
+                            exc = InvalidMetadata(key, f"unrecognized field: {key!r}")
+                            exceptions.append(exc)
+                            continue
+                        field_age = _VALID_METADATA_VERSIONS.index(
+                            field_metadata_version
+                        )
+                        if field_age > metadata_age:
+                            field = _RAW_TO_EMAIL_MAPPING[key]
+                            exc = InvalidMetadata(
+                                field,
+                                "{field} introduced in metadata version "
+                                "{field_metadata_version}, not {metadata_version}",
+                            )
+                            exceptions.append(exc)
+                            continue
+                    getattr(ins, key)
+                except InvalidMetadata as exc:
+                    exceptions.append(exc)
+
+            if exceptions:
+                raise ExceptionGroup("invalid metadata", exceptions)
+
+        return ins
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_email(
+        cls, data: Union[bytes, str], *, validate: bool = True
+    ) -> "Metadata":
+        """Parse metadata from email headers.
+
+        If *validate* is true, the metadata will be validated. All exceptions
+        related to validation will be gathered and raised as an :class:`ExceptionGroup`.
+        """
+        raw, unparsed = parse_email(data)
+
+        if validate:
+            exceptions: list[Exception] = []
+            for unparsed_key in unparsed:
+                if unparsed_key in _EMAIL_TO_RAW_MAPPING:
+                    message = f"{unparsed_key!r} has invalid data"
+                else:
+                    message = f"unrecognized field: {unparsed_key!r}"
+                exceptions.append(InvalidMetadata(unparsed_key, message))
+
+            if exceptions:
+                raise ExceptionGroup("unparsed", exceptions)
+
+        try:
+            return cls.from_raw(raw, validate=validate)
+        except ExceptionGroup as exc_group:
+            raise ExceptionGroup(
+                "invalid or unparsed metadata", exc_group.exceptions
+            ) from None
+
+    metadata_version: _Validator[_MetadataVersion] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-metadata-version`
+    (required; validated to be a valid metadata version)"""
+    name: _Validator[str] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-name`
+    (required; validated using :func:`~packaging.utils.canonicalize_name` and its
+    *validate* parameter)"""
+    version: _Validator[version_module.Version] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-version` (required)"""
+    dynamic: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(
+        added="2.2",
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-dynamic`
+    (validated against core metadata field names and lowercased)"""
+    platforms: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-platform`"""
+    supported_platforms: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-supported-platform`"""
+    summary: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-summary` (validated to contain no newlines)"""
+    description: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()  # TODO 2.1: can be in body
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description`"""
+    description_content_type: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="2.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-description-content-type` (validated)"""
+    keywords: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-keywords`"""
+    home_page: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-home-page`"""
+    download_url: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-download-url`"""
+    author: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author`"""
+    author_email: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-author-email`"""
+    maintainer: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer`"""
+    maintainer_email: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-maintainer-email`"""
+    license: _Validator[Optional[str]] = _Validator()
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-license`"""
+    classifiers: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-classifier`"""
+    requires_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[requirements.Requirement]]] = _Validator(
+        added="1.2"
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-dist`"""
+    requires_python: _Validator[Optional[specifiers.SpecifierSet]] = _Validator(
+        added="1.2"
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-python`"""
+    # Because `Requires-External` allows for non-PEP 440 version specifiers, we
+    # don't do any processing on the values.
+    requires_external: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-requires-external`"""
+    project_urls: _Validator[Optional[Dict[str, str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-project-url`"""
+    # PEP 685 lets us raise an error if an extra doesn't pass `Name` validation
+    # regardless of metadata version.
+    provides_extra: _Validator[Optional[List[utils.NormalizedName]]] = _Validator(
+        added="2.1",
+    )
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-extra`"""
+    provides_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-provides-dist`"""
+    obsoletes_dist: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.2")
+    """:external:ref:`core-metadata-obsoletes-dist`"""
+    requires: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Requires`` (deprecated)"""
+    provides: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Provides`` (deprecated)"""
+    obsoletes: _Validator[Optional[List[str]]] = _Validator(added="1.1")
+    """``Obsoletes`` (deprecated)"""
diff --git a/lib/packaging/requirements.py b/lib/packaging/requirements.py
index f34bfa85..bdc43a7e 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/requirements.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/requirements.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 # 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
 # for complete details.
 
-import urllib.parse
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, Set
+from typing import Any, Iterator, Optional, Set
 
 from ._parser import parse_requirement as _parse_requirement
 from ._tokenizer import ParserSyntaxError
 from .markers import Marker, _normalize_extra_values
 from .specifiers import SpecifierSet
+from .utils import canonicalize_name
 
 
 class InvalidRequirement(ValueError):
@@ -37,57 +37,52 @@ class Requirement:
             raise InvalidRequirement(str(e)) from e
 
         self.name: str = parsed.name
-        if parsed.url:
-            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(parsed.url)
-            if parsed_url.scheme == "file":
-                if urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed_url) != parsed.url:
-                    raise InvalidRequirement("Invalid URL given")
-            elif not (parsed_url.scheme and parsed_url.netloc) or (
-                not parsed_url.scheme and not parsed_url.netloc
-            ):
-                raise InvalidRequirement(f"Invalid URL: {parsed.url}")
-            self.url: Optional[str] = parsed.url
-        else:
-            self.url = None
-        self.extras: Set[str] = set(parsed.extras if parsed.extras else [])
+        self.url: Optional[str] = parsed.url or None
+        self.extras: Set[str] = set(parsed.extras or [])
         self.specifier: SpecifierSet = SpecifierSet(parsed.specifier)
         self.marker: Optional[Marker] = None
         if parsed.marker is not None:
             self.marker = Marker.__new__(Marker)
             self.marker._markers = _normalize_extra_values(parsed.marker)
 
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        parts: List[str] = [self.name]
+    def _iter_parts(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
+        yield name
 
         if self.extras:
             formatted_extras = ",".join(sorted(self.extras))
-            parts.append(f"[{formatted_extras}]")
+            yield f"[{formatted_extras}]"
 
         if self.specifier:
-            parts.append(str(self.specifier))
+            yield str(self.specifier)
 
         if self.url:
-            parts.append(f"@ {self.url}")
+            yield f"@ {self.url}"
             if self.marker:
-                parts.append(" ")
+                yield " "
 
         if self.marker:
-            parts.append(f"; {self.marker}")
+            yield f"; {self.marker}"
 
-        return "".join(parts)
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "".join(self._iter_parts(self.name))
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return f"<Requirement('{self}')>"
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
-        return hash((self.__class__.__name__, str(self)))
+        return hash(
+            (
+                self.__class__.__name__,
+                *self._iter_parts(canonicalize_name(self.name)),
+            )
+        )
 
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, Requirement):
             return NotImplemented
 
         return (
-            self.name == other.name
+            canonicalize_name(self.name) == canonicalize_name(other.name)
             and self.extras == other.extras
             and self.specifier == other.specifier
             and self.url == other.url
diff --git a/lib/packaging/specifiers.py b/lib/packaging/specifiers.py
index ba8fe37b..2d015bab 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/specifiers.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/specifiers.py
@@ -11,17 +11,7 @@
 import abc
 import itertools
 import re
-from typing import (
-    Callable,
-    Iterable,
-    Iterator,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-)
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
 
 from .utils import canonicalize_version
 from .version import Version
@@ -383,7 +373,7 @@ class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
 
         # We want everything but the last item in the version, but we want to
         # ignore suffix segments.
-        prefix = ".".join(
+        prefix = _version_join(
             list(itertools.takewhile(_is_not_suffix, _version_split(spec)))[:-1]
         )
 
@@ -404,13 +394,13 @@ class Specifier(BaseSpecifier):
             )
             # Get the normalized version string ignoring the trailing .*
             normalized_spec = canonicalize_version(spec[:-2], strip_trailing_zero=False)
-            # Split the spec out by dots, and pretend that there is an implicit
-            # dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
+            # Split the spec out by bangs and dots, and pretend that there is
+            # an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release segment.
             split_spec = _version_split(normalized_spec)
 
-            # Split the prospective version out by dots, and pretend that there
-            # is an implicit dot in between a release segment and a pre-release
-            # segment.
+            # Split the prospective version out by bangs and dots, and pretend
+            # that there is an implicit dot in between a release segment and
+            # a pre-release segment.
             split_prospective = _version_split(normalized_prospective)
 
             # 0-pad the prospective version before shortening it to get the correct
@@ -644,8 +634,19 @@ _prefix_regex = re.compile(r"^([0-9]+)((?:a|b|c|rc)[0-9]+)$")
 
 
 def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
+    """Split version into components.
+
+    The split components are intended for version comparison. The logic does
+    not attempt to retain the original version string, so joining the
+    components back with :func:`_version_join` may not produce the original
+    version string.
+    """
     result: List[str] = []
-    for item in version.split("."):
+
+    epoch, _, rest = version.rpartition("!")
+    result.append(epoch or "0")
+
+    for item in rest.split("."):
         match = _prefix_regex.search(item)
         if match:
             result.extend(match.groups())
@@ -654,6 +655,17 @@ def _version_split(version: str) -> List[str]:
     return result
 
 
+def _version_join(components: List[str]) -> str:
+    """Join split version components into a version string.
+
+    This function assumes the input came from :func:`_version_split`, where the
+    first component must be the epoch (either empty or numeric), and all other
+    components numeric.
+    """
+    epoch, *rest = components
+    return f"{epoch}!{'.'.join(rest)}"
+
+
 def _is_not_suffix(segment: str) -> bool:
     return not any(
         segment.startswith(prefix) for prefix in ("dev", "a", "b", "rc", "post")
@@ -675,7 +687,10 @@ def _pad_version(left: List[str], right: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], List[str
     left_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(right_split[0]) - len(left_split[0])))
     right_split.insert(1, ["0"] * max(0, len(left_split[0]) - len(right_split[0])))
 
-    return (list(itertools.chain(*left_split)), list(itertools.chain(*right_split)))
+    return (
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(left_split)),
+        list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(right_split)),
+    )
 
 
 class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
@@ -707,14 +722,8 @@ class SpecifierSet(BaseSpecifier):
         # strip each item to remove leading/trailing whitespace.
         split_specifiers = [s.strip() for s in specifiers.split(",") if s.strip()]
 
-        # Parsed each individual specifier, attempting first to make it a
-        # Specifier.
-        parsed: Set[Specifier] = set()
-        for specifier in split_specifiers:
-            parsed.add(Specifier(specifier))
-
-        # Turn our parsed specifiers into a frozen set and save them for later.
-        self._specs = frozenset(parsed)
+        # Make each individual specifier a Specifier and save in a frozen set for later.
+        self._specs = frozenset(map(Specifier, split_specifiers))
 
         # Store our prereleases value so we can use it later to determine if
         # we accept prereleases or not.
diff --git a/lib/packaging/tags.py b/lib/packaging/tags.py
index 76d24341..89f19261 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/tags.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/tags.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 import logging
 import platform
+import re
+import struct
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import sysconfig
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ INTERPRETER_SHORT_NAMES: Dict[str, str] = {
 }
 
 
-_32_BIT_INTERPRETER = sys.maxsize <= 2**32
+_32_BIT_INTERPRETER = struct.calcsize("P") == 4
 
 
 class Tag:
@@ -123,20 +125,37 @@ def _normalize_string(string: str) -> str:
     return string.replace(".", "_").replace("-", "_").replace(" ", "_")
 
 
-def _abi3_applies(python_version: PythonVersion) -> bool:
+def _is_threaded_cpython(abis: List[str]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine if the ABI corresponds to a threaded (`--disable-gil`) build.
+
+    The threaded builds are indicated by a "t" in the abiflags.
+    """
+    if len(abis) == 0:
+        return False
+    # expect e.g., cp313
+    m = re.match(r"cp\d+(.*)", abis[0])
+    if not m:
+        return False
+    abiflags = m.group(1)
+    return "t" in abiflags
+
+
+def _abi3_applies(python_version: PythonVersion, threading: bool) -> bool:
     """
     Determine if the Python version supports abi3.
 
-    PEP 384 was first implemented in Python 3.2.
+    PEP 384 was first implemented in Python 3.2. The threaded (`--disable-gil`)
+    builds do not support abi3.
     """
-    return len(python_version) > 1 and tuple(python_version) >= (3, 2)
+    return len(python_version) > 1 and tuple(python_version) >= (3, 2) and not threading
 
 
 def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> List[str]:
     py_version = tuple(py_version)  # To allow for version comparison.
     abis = []
     version = _version_nodot(py_version[:2])
-    debug = pymalloc = ucs4 = ""
+    threading = debug = pymalloc = ucs4 = ""
     with_debug = _get_config_var("Py_DEBUG", warn)
     has_refcount = hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount")
     # Windows doesn't set Py_DEBUG, so checking for support of debug-compiled
@@ -145,6 +164,8 @@ def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> List[str]:
     has_ext = "_d.pyd" in EXTENSION_SUFFIXES
     if with_debug or (with_debug is None and (has_refcount or has_ext)):
         debug = "d"
+    if py_version >= (3, 13) and _get_config_var("Py_GIL_DISABLED", warn):
+        threading = "t"
     if py_version < (3, 8):
         with_pymalloc = _get_config_var("WITH_PYMALLOC", warn)
         if with_pymalloc or with_pymalloc is None:
@@ -158,13 +179,8 @@ def _cpython_abis(py_version: PythonVersion, warn: bool = False) -> List[str]:
     elif debug:
         # Debug builds can also load "normal" extension modules.
         # We can also assume no UCS-4 or pymalloc requirement.
-        abis.append(f"cp{version}")
-    abis.insert(
-        0,
-        "cp{version}{debug}{pymalloc}{ucs4}".format(
-            version=version, debug=debug, pymalloc=pymalloc, ucs4=ucs4
-        ),
-    )
+        abis.append(f"cp{version}{threading}")
+    abis.insert(0, f"cp{version}{threading}{debug}{pymalloc}{ucs4}")
     return abis
 
 
@@ -212,11 +228,14 @@ def cpython_tags(
     for abi in abis:
         for platform_ in platforms:
             yield Tag(interpreter, abi, platform_)
-    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+
+    threading = _is_threaded_cpython(abis)
+    use_abi3 = _abi3_applies(python_version, threading)
+    if use_abi3:
         yield from (Tag(interpreter, "abi3", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
     yield from (Tag(interpreter, "none", platform_) for platform_ in platforms)
 
-    if _abi3_applies(python_version):
+    if use_abi3:
         for minor_version in range(python_version[1] - 1, 1, -1):
             for platform_ in platforms:
                 interpreter = "cp{version}".format(
@@ -406,7 +425,7 @@ def mac_platforms(
                 check=True,
                 env={"SYSTEM_VERSION_COMPAT": "0"},
                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-                universal_newlines=True,
+                text=True,
             ).stdout
             version = cast("MacVersion", tuple(map(int, version_str.split(".")[:2])))
     else:
@@ -469,15 +488,21 @@ def mac_platforms(
 
 def _linux_platforms(is_32bit: bool = _32_BIT_INTERPRETER) -> Iterator[str]:
     linux = _normalize_string(sysconfig.get_platform())
+    if not linux.startswith("linux_"):
+        # we should never be here, just yield the sysconfig one and return
+        yield linux
+        return
     if is_32bit:
         if linux == "linux_x86_64":
             linux = "linux_i686"
         elif linux == "linux_aarch64":
-            linux = "linux_armv7l"
+            linux = "linux_armv8l"
     _, arch = linux.split("_", 1)
-    yield from _manylinux.platform_tags(linux, arch)
-    yield from _musllinux.platform_tags(arch)
-    yield linux
+    archs = {"armv8l": ["armv8l", "armv7l"]}.get(arch, [arch])
+    yield from _manylinux.platform_tags(archs)
+    yield from _musllinux.platform_tags(archs)
+    for arch in archs:
+        yield f"linux_{arch}"
 
 
 def _generic_platforms() -> Iterator[str]:
diff --git a/lib/packaging/utils.py b/lib/packaging/utils.py
index 33c613b7..c2c2f75a 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/utils.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/utils.py
@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ BuildTag = Union[Tuple[()], Tuple[int, str]]
 NormalizedName = NewType("NormalizedName", str)
 
 
+class InvalidName(ValueError):
+    """
+    An invalid distribution name; users should refer to the packaging user guide.
+    """
+
+
 class InvalidWheelFilename(ValueError):
     """
     An invalid wheel filename was found, users should refer to PEP 427.
@@ -24,17 +30,28 @@ class InvalidSdistFilename(ValueError):
     """
 
 
+# Core metadata spec for `Name`
+_validate_regex = re.compile(
+    r"^([A-Z0-9]|[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9._-]*[A-Z0-9])$", re.IGNORECASE
+)
 _canonicalize_regex = re.compile(r"[-_.]+")
+_normalized_regex = re.compile(r"^([a-z0-9]|[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-](?!--))*[a-z0-9])$")
 # PEP 427: The build number must start with a digit.
 _build_tag_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)(.*)")
 
 
-def canonicalize_name(name: str) -> NormalizedName:
+def canonicalize_name(name: str, *, validate: bool = False) -> NormalizedName:
+    if validate and not _validate_regex.match(name):
+        raise InvalidName(f"name is invalid: {name!r}")
     # This is taken from PEP 503.
     value = _canonicalize_regex.sub("-", name).lower()
     return cast(NormalizedName, value)
 
 
+def is_normalized_name(name: str) -> bool:
+    return _normalized_regex.match(name) is not None
+
+
 def canonicalize_version(
     version: Union[Version, str], *, strip_trailing_zero: bool = True
 ) -> str:
@@ -100,11 +117,18 @@ def parse_wheel_filename(
 
     parts = filename.split("-", dashes - 2)
     name_part = parts[0]
-    # See PEP 427 for the rules on escaping the project name
+    # See PEP 427 for the rules on escaping the project name.
     if "__" in name_part or re.match(r"^[\w\d._]*$", name_part, re.UNICODE) is None:
         raise InvalidWheelFilename(f"Invalid project name: {filename}")
     name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
-    version = Version(parts[1])
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(parts[1])
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidWheelFilename(
+            f"Invalid wheel filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
     if dashes == 5:
         build_part = parts[2]
         build_match = _build_tag_regex.match(build_part)
@@ -137,5 +161,12 @@ def parse_sdist_filename(filename: str) -> Tuple[NormalizedName, Version]:
         raise InvalidSdistFilename(f"Invalid sdist filename: {filename}")
 
     name = canonicalize_name(name_part)
-    version = Version(version_part)
+
+    try:
+        version = Version(version_part)
+    except InvalidVersion as e:
+        raise InvalidSdistFilename(
+            f"Invalid sdist filename (invalid version): {filename}"
+        ) from e
+
     return (name, version)
diff --git a/lib/packaging/version.py b/lib/packaging/version.py
index b30e8cbf..5faab9bd 100644
--- a/lib/packaging/version.py
+++ b/lib/packaging/version.py
@@ -7,37 +7,39 @@
     from packaging.version import parse, Version
 """
 
-import collections
 import itertools
 import re
-from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, SupportsInt, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, NamedTuple, Optional, SupportsInt, Tuple, Union
 
 from ._structures import Infinity, InfinityType, NegativeInfinity, NegativeInfinityType
 
 __all__ = ["VERSION_PATTERN", "parse", "Version", "InvalidVersion"]
 
-InfiniteTypes = Union[InfinityType, NegativeInfinityType]
-PrePostDevType = Union[InfiniteTypes, Tuple[str, int]]
-SubLocalType = Union[InfiniteTypes, int, str]
-LocalType = Union[
+LocalType = Tuple[Union[int, str], ...]
+
+CmpPrePostDevType = Union[InfinityType, NegativeInfinityType, Tuple[str, int]]
+CmpLocalType = Union[
     NegativeInfinityType,
-    Tuple[
-        Union[
-            SubLocalType,
-            Tuple[SubLocalType, str],
-            Tuple[NegativeInfinityType, SubLocalType],
-        ],
-        ...,
-    ],
+    Tuple[Union[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[NegativeInfinityType, Union[int, str]]], ...],
 ]
 CmpKey = Tuple[
-    int, Tuple[int, ...], PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, PrePostDevType, LocalType
+    int,
+    Tuple[int, ...],
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpPrePostDevType,
+    CmpLocalType,
 ]
 VersionComparisonMethod = Callable[[CmpKey, CmpKey], bool]
 
-_Version = collections.namedtuple(
-    "_Version", ["epoch", "release", "dev", "pre", "post", "local"]
-)
+
+class _Version(NamedTuple):
+    epoch: int
+    release: Tuple[int, ...]
+    dev: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
+    pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
+    post: Optional[Tuple[str, int]]
+    local: Optional[LocalType]
 
 
 def parse(version: str) -> "Version":
@@ -117,7 +119,7 @@ _VERSION_PATTERN = r"""
         (?P<release>[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                  # release segment
         (?P<pre>                                          # pre-release
             [-_\.]?
-            (?P<pre_l>(a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))
+            (?P<pre_l>alpha|a|beta|b|preview|pre|c|rc)
             [-_\.]?
             (?P<pre_n>[0-9]+)?
         )?
@@ -269,8 +271,7 @@ class Version(_BaseVersion):
         >>> Version("1!2.0.0").epoch
         1
         """
-        _epoch: int = self._version.epoch
-        return _epoch
+        return self._version.epoch
 
     @property
     def release(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
@@ -286,8 +287,7 @@ class Version(_BaseVersion):
         Includes trailing zeroes but not the epoch or any pre-release / development /
         post-release suffixes.
         """
-        _release: Tuple[int, ...] = self._version.release
-        return _release
+        return self._version.release
 
     @property
     def pre(self) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
@@ -302,8 +302,7 @@ class Version(_BaseVersion):
         >>> Version("1.2.3rc1").pre
         ('rc', 1)
         """
-        _pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]] = self._version.pre
-        return _pre
+        return self._version.pre
 
     @property
     def post(self) -> Optional[int]:
@@ -451,7 +450,7 @@ class Version(_BaseVersion):
 
 
 def _parse_letter_version(
-    letter: str, number: Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt]
+    letter: Optional[str], number: Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt, None]
 ) -> Optional[Tuple[str, int]]:
 
     if letter:
@@ -489,7 +488,7 @@ def _parse_letter_version(
 _local_version_separators = re.compile(r"[\._-]")
 
 
-def _parse_local_version(local: str) -> Optional[LocalType]:
+def _parse_local_version(local: Optional[str]) -> Optional[LocalType]:
     """
     Takes a string like abc.1.twelve and turns it into ("abc", 1, "twelve").
     """
@@ -507,7 +506,7 @@ def _cmpkey(
     pre: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
     post: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
     dev: Optional[Tuple[str, int]],
-    local: Optional[Tuple[SubLocalType]],
+    local: Optional[LocalType],
 ) -> CmpKey:
 
     # When we compare a release version, we want to compare it with all of the
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ def _cmpkey(
     # if there is not a pre or a post segment. If we have one of those then
     # the normal sorting rules will handle this case correctly.
     if pre is None and post is None and dev is not None:
-        _pre: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+        _pre: CmpPrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
     # Versions without a pre-release (except as noted above) should sort after
     # those with one.
     elif pre is None:
@@ -534,21 +533,21 @@ def _cmpkey(
 
     # Versions without a post segment should sort before those with one.
     if post is None:
-        _post: PrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
+        _post: CmpPrePostDevType = NegativeInfinity
 
     else:
         _post = post
 
     # Versions without a development segment should sort after those with one.
     if dev is None:
-        _dev: PrePostDevType = Infinity
+        _dev: CmpPrePostDevType = Infinity
 
     else:
         _dev = dev
 
     if local is None:
         # Versions without a local segment should sort before those with one.
-        _local: LocalType = NegativeInfinity
+        _local: CmpLocalType = NegativeInfinity
     else:
         # Versions with a local segment need that segment parsed to implement
         # the sorting rules in PEP440.
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 0b009ea7..30d57ade 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ IPy==1.01
 Mako==1.3.2
 MarkupSafe==2.1.3
 musicbrainzngs==0.7.1
-packaging==23.1
+packaging==24.0
 paho-mqtt==1.6.1
 platformdirs==4.2.0
 plexapi==4.15.10