github/proxmark3
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/Proxmark/proxmark3.git synced 2025-07-29 19:18:35 -07:00
Code Issues Projects Releases Packages Wiki Activity Actions

Merge pull request #2 from holiman/coverity_fixes

Browse source 
Coverity fixes
This commit is contained in:
Martin Holst Swende 2014-10-28 21:46:28 +01:00
commit 4c6f2d48fb
16 changed files with 180 additions and 209 deletions
Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

2
armsrc/epa.c
View file

@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ int EPA_Setup()
// return code // return code
int return_code = 0; int return_code = 0;
// card UID // card UID
uint8_t uid[8]; uint8_t uid[10];
// card select information // card select information
iso14a_card_select_t card_select_info; iso14a_card_select_t card_select_info;
// power up the field // power up the field

2
armsrc/hitag2.c
View file

@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ void ReaderHitag(hitag_function htf, hitag_data* htd) {
case RHT2F_CRYPTO: { case RHT2F_CRYPTO: {
DbpString("Authenticating using key:"); DbpString("Authenticating using key:");
memcpy(key,htd->crypto.key,6); memcpy(key,htd->crypto.key,4);
Dbhexdump(6,key,false); Dbhexdump(6,key,false);
blocknr = 0; blocknr = 0;
bQuiet = false; bQuiet = false;

7
armsrc/iclass.c
View file

@ -1295,8 +1295,8 @@ static void TransmitIClassCommand(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, int *samples, int
FpgaSetupSsc(); FpgaSetupSsc();
if (wait) if (wait)
if(*wait < 10) {
*wait = 10; if(*wait < 10) *wait = 10;
for(c = 0; c < *wait;) { for(c = 0; c < *wait;) {
if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) { if(AT91C_BASE_SSC->SSC_SR & (AT91C_SSC_TXRDY)) {
@ -1310,6 +1310,9 @@ static void TransmitIClassCommand(const uint8_t *cmd, int len, int *samples, int
WDT_HIT(); WDT_HIT();
} }
}
uint8_t sendbyte; uint8_t sendbyte;
bool firstpart = TRUE; bool firstpart = TRUE;
c = 0; c = 0;

11
armsrc/iso14443a.c
View file

@ -1726,7 +1726,13 @@ int iso14443a_select_card(byte_t* uid_ptr, iso14a_card_select_t* p_hi14a_card, u
if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) { if ((sak & 0x04) /* && uid_resp[0] == 0x88 */) {
// Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of: // Remove first byte, 0x88 is not an UID byte, it CT, see page 3 of:
// http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf // http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN10927.pdf
memcpy(uid_resp, uid_resp + 1, 3); // This was earlier:
//memcpy(uid_resp, uid_resp + 1, 3);
// But memcpy should not be used for overlapping arrays,
// and memmove appears to not be available in the arm build.
// So this has been replaced with a for-loop:
for(int xx = 0; xx < 3; xx++) uid_resp[xx] = uid_resp[xx+1];
uid_resp_len = 3; uid_resp_len = 3;
} }
@ -1936,7 +1942,8 @@ void ReaderMifare(bool first_try)
uint8_t uid[10]; uint8_t uid[10];
uint32_t cuid; uint32_t cuid;
uint32_t nt, previous_nt; uint32_t nt =0 ;
uint32_t previous_nt = 0;
static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0; static uint32_t nt_attacked = 0;
byte_t par_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; byte_t par_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
byte_t ks_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}; byte_t ks_list[8] = {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};

3
armsrc/lfops.c
View file

@ -1521,9 +1521,12 @@ int DemodPCF7931(uint8_t **outBlocks) {
block_done = 0; block_done = 0;
half_switch = 0; half_switch = 0;
} }
if(i < GraphTraceLen)
{
if (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i]) dir=0; if (GraphBuffer[i-1] > GraphBuffer[i]) dir=0;
else dir = 1; else dir = 1;
} }
}
if(bitidx==255) if(bitidx==255)
bitidx=0; bitidx=0;
warnings = 0; warnings = 0;

2
armsrc/util.c
View file

@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ void FormatVersionInformation(char *dst, int len, const char *prefix, void *vers
{ {
struct version_information *v = (struct version_information*)version_information; struct version_information *v = (struct version_information*)version_information;
dst[0] = 0; dst[0] = 0;
strncat(dst, prefix, len); strncat(dst, prefix, len-1);
if(v->magic != VERSION_INFORMATION_MAGIC) { if(v->magic != VERSION_INFORMATION_MAGIC) {
strncat(dst, "Missing/Invalid version information", len - strlen(dst) - 1); strncat(dst, "Missing/Invalid version information", len - strlen(dst) - 1);
return; return;

2
client/cmddata.c
View file

@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ int CmdManchesterDemod(const char *Cmd)
/* But it does not work if compiling on WIndows: therefore we just allocate a */ /* But it does not work if compiling on WIndows: therefore we just allocate a */
/* large array */ /* large array */
uint8_t BitStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN]; uint8_t BitStream[MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN] = {0};
/* Detect high and lows */ /* Detect high and lows */
for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++) for (i = 0; i < GraphTraceLen; i++)

3
client/cmdhf15.c
View file

@ -535,7 +535,8 @@ int CmdHF15CmdRaw (const char *cmd) {
*/ */
int prepareHF15Cmd(char **cmd, UsbCommand *c, uint8_t iso15cmd[], int iso15cmdlen) { int prepareHF15Cmd(char **cmd, UsbCommand *c, uint8_t iso15cmd[], int iso15cmdlen) {
int temp; int temp;
uint8_t *req=c->d.asBytes, uid[8]; uint8_t *req=c->d.asBytes;
uint8_t uid[8] = {0};
uint32_t reqlen=0; uint32_t reqlen=0;
// strip // strip

4
client/cmdhficlass.c
View file

@ -502,6 +502,8 @@ int CmdHFiClassReader_Dump(const char *Cmd)
SendCommand(&c); SendCommand(&c);
UsbCommand resp; UsbCommand resp;
uint8_t key_sel[8] = {0};
uint8_t key_sel_p[8] = { 0 };
if (WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,4500)) { if (WaitForResponseTimeout(CMD_ACK,&resp,4500)) {
uint8_t isOK = resp.arg[0] & 0xff; uint8_t isOK = resp.arg[0] & 0xff;
@ -520,8 +522,6 @@ int CmdHFiClassReader_Dump(const char *Cmd)
{ {
if(elite) if(elite)
{ {
uint8_t key_sel[8] = {0};
uint8_t key_sel_p[8] = { 0 };
//Get the key index (hash1) //Get the key index (hash1)
uint8_t key_index[8] = {0}; uint8_t key_index[8] = {0};

98
client/cmdhfmf.c
View file

@ -343,10 +343,6 @@ int CmdHF14AMfURdCard(const char *Cmd)
uint8_t isOK = 0; uint8_t isOK = 0;
uint8_t * data = NULL; uint8_t * data = NULL;
if (sectorNo > 15) {
PrintAndLog("Sector number must be less than 16");
return 1;
}
PrintAndLog("Attempting to Read Ultralight... "); PrintAndLog("Attempting to Read Ultralight... ");
UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFAREU_READCARD, {sectorNo}}; UsbCommand c = {CMD_MIFAREU_READCARD, {sectorNo}};
@ -359,63 +355,23 @@ int CmdHF14AMfURdCard(const char *Cmd)
PrintAndLog("isOk:%02x", isOK); PrintAndLog("isOk:%02x", isOK);
if (isOK) if (isOK)
for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) { { // bit 0 and 1
switch(i){ PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s ", 0,sprint_hex(data + 0 * 4, 4));
case 2: PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s ", 1,sprint_hex(data + 1 * 4, 4));
// bit 2
//process lock bytes //process lock bytes
lockbytes_t=data+(i*4); lockbytes_t=data+(2*4);
lockbytes[0]=lockbytes_t[2]; lockbytes[0]=lockbytes_t[2];
lockbytes[1]=lockbytes_t[3]; lockbytes[1]=lockbytes_t[3];
for(int j=0; j<16; j++){ for(int j=0; j<16; j++){
bit[j]=lockbytes[j/8] & ( 1 <<(7-j%8)); bit[j]=lockbytes[j/8] & ( 1 <<(7-j%8));
} }
//PrintAndLog("LB %02x %02x", lockbytes[0],lockbytes[1]); //remaining
//PrintAndLog("LB2b %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x %02x",bit[8],bit[9],bit[10],bit[11],bit[12],bit[13],bit[14],bit[15]); for (i = 3; i < 16; i++) {
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s ", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4)); int bitnum = (23-i) % 16;
break; PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[bitnum]);
case 3:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[4]);
break;
case 4:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[3]);
break;
case 5:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[2]);
break;
case 6:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[1]);
break;
case 7:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[0]);
break;
case 8:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[15]);
break;
case 9:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[14]);
break;
case 10:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[13]);
break;
case 11:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[12]);
break;
case 12:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[11]);
break;
case 13:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[10]);
break;
case 14:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[9]);
break;
case 15:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s [%d]", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4),bit[8]);
break;
default:
PrintAndLog("Block %3d:%s ", i,sprint_hex(data + i * 4, 4));
break;
} }
} }
} else { } else {
PrintAndLog("Command execute timeout"); PrintAndLog("Command execute timeout");
@ -546,6 +502,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfDump(const char *Cmd)
for (sectorNo=0; sectorNo<numSectors; sectorNo++) { for (sectorNo=0; sectorNo<numSectors; sectorNo++) {
if (fread( keyA[sectorNo], 1, 6, fin ) == 0) { if (fread( keyA[sectorNo], 1, 6, fin ) == 0) {
PrintAndLog("File reading error."); PrintAndLog("File reading error.");
fclose(fin);
return 2; return 2;
} }
} }
@ -553,10 +510,11 @@ int CmdHF14AMfDump(const char *Cmd)
for (sectorNo=0; sectorNo<numSectors; sectorNo++) { for (sectorNo=0; sectorNo<numSectors; sectorNo++) {
if (fread( keyB[sectorNo], 1, 6, fin ) == 0) { if (fread( keyB[sectorNo], 1, 6, fin ) == 0) {
PrintAndLog("File reading error."); PrintAndLog("File reading error.");
fclose(fin);
return 2; return 2;
} }
} }
fclose(fin);
// Read access rights to sectors // Read access rights to sectors
PrintAndLog("|-----------------------------------------|"); PrintAndLog("|-----------------------------------------|");
@ -666,7 +624,6 @@ int CmdHF14AMfDump(const char *Cmd)
PrintAndLog("Dumped %d blocks (%d bytes) to file dumpdata.bin", numblocks, 16*numblocks); PrintAndLog("Dumped %d blocks (%d bytes) to file dumpdata.bin", numblocks, 16*numblocks);
} }
fclose(fin);
return 0; return 0;
} }
@ -1004,6 +961,16 @@ int CmdHF14AMfNested(const char *Cmd)
int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd) int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd)
{ {
if (strlen(Cmd)<3) {
PrintAndLog("Usage: hf mf chk <block number>|<*card memory> <key type (A/B/?)> [t] [<key (12 hex symbols)>] [<dic (*.dic)>]");
PrintAndLog(" * - all sectors");
PrintAndLog("card memory - 0 - MINI(320 bytes), 1 - 1K, 2 - 2K, 4 - 4K, <other> - 1K");
PrintAndLog("d - write keys to binary file\n");
PrintAndLog(" sample: hf mf chk 0 A 1234567890ab keys.dic");
PrintAndLog(" hf mf chk *1 ? t");
return 0;
}
FILE * f; FILE * f;
char filename[256]={0}; char filename[256]={0};
char buf[13]; char buf[13];
@ -1021,6 +988,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd)
int transferToEml = 0; int transferToEml = 0;
int createDumpFile = 0; int createDumpFile = 0;
keyBlock = calloc(stKeyBlock, 6); keyBlock = calloc(stKeyBlock, 6);
if (keyBlock == NULL) return 1; if (keyBlock == NULL) return 1;
@ -1047,15 +1015,6 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd)
num_to_bytes(defaultKeys[defaultKeyCounter], 6, (uint8_t*)(keyBlock + defaultKeyCounter * 6)); num_to_bytes(defaultKeys[defaultKeyCounter], 6, (uint8_t*)(keyBlock + defaultKeyCounter * 6));
} }
if (strlen(Cmd)<3) {
PrintAndLog("Usage: hf mf chk <block number>|<*card memory> <key type (A/B/?)> [t] [<key (12 hex symbols)>] [<dic (*.dic)>]");
PrintAndLog(" * - all sectors");
PrintAndLog("card memory - 0 - MINI(320 bytes), 1 - 1K, 2 - 2K, 4 - 4K, <other> - 1K");
PrintAndLog("d - write keys to binary file\n");
PrintAndLog(" sample: hf mf chk 0 A 1234567890ab keys.dic");
PrintAndLog(" hf mf chk *1 ? t");
return 0;
}
if (param_getchar(Cmd, 0)=='*') { if (param_getchar(Cmd, 0)=='*') {
blockNo = 3; blockNo = 3;
@ -1144,11 +1103,11 @@ int CmdHF14AMfChk(const char *Cmd)
keycnt++; keycnt++;
memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf)); memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
} }
fclose(f);
} else { } else {
PrintAndLog("File: %s: not found or locked.", filename); PrintAndLog("File: %s: not found or locked.", filename);
free(keyBlock); free(keyBlock);
return 1; return 1;
fclose(f);
} }
} }
} }
@ -1430,12 +1389,14 @@ int CmdHF14AMfELoad(const char *Cmd)
break; break;
} }
PrintAndLog("File reading error."); PrintAndLog("File reading error.");
fclose(f);
return 2; return 2;
} }
if (strlen(buf) < 32){ if (strlen(buf) < 32){
if(strlen(buf) && feof(f)) if(strlen(buf) && feof(f))
break; break;
PrintAndLog("File content error. Block data must include 32 HEX symbols"); PrintAndLog("File content error. Block data must include 32 HEX symbols");
fclose(f);
return 2; return 2;
} }
for (i = 0; i < 32; i += 2) { for (i = 0; i < 32; i += 2) {
@ -1444,6 +1405,7 @@ int CmdHF14AMfELoad(const char *Cmd)
} }
if (mfEmlSetMem(buf8, blockNum, 1)) { if (mfEmlSetMem(buf8, blockNum, 1)) {
PrintAndLog("Cant set emul block: %3d", blockNum); PrintAndLog("Cant set emul block: %3d", blockNum);
fclose(f);
return 3; return 3;
} }
blockNum++; blockNum++;
@ -1586,8 +1548,8 @@ int CmdHF14AMfEKeyPrn(const char *Cmd)
int CmdHF14AMfCSetUID(const char *Cmd) int CmdHF14AMfCSetUID(const char *Cmd)
{ {
uint8_t wipeCard = 0; uint8_t wipeCard = 0;
uint8_t uid[8]; uint8_t uid[8] = {0};
uint8_t oldUid[8]; uint8_t oldUid[8]= {0};
int res; int res;
if (strlen(Cmd) < 1 || param_getchar(Cmd, 0) == 'h') { if (strlen(Cmd) < 1 || param_getchar(Cmd, 0) == 'h') {

2
client/cmdlfem4x.c
View file

@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ int CmdEM4x50Read(const char *Cmd)
++i; ++i;
while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen)) while ((GraphBuffer[i] > low) && (i<GraphTraceLen))
++i; ++i;
if (j>(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) { if (j>=(MAX_GRAPH_TRACE_LEN/64)) {
break; break;
} }
tmpbuff[j++]= i - start; tmpbuff[j++]= i - start;

22
client/cmdlfhitag.c
View file

@ -41,9 +41,6 @@ int CmdLFHitagList(const char *Cmd)
int i = 0; int i = 0;
int prev = -1; int prev = -1;
char filename[256];
FILE* pf = NULL;
for (;;) { for (;;) {
if(i >= 1900) { if(i >= 1900) {
break; break;
@ -107,22 +104,18 @@ int CmdLFHitagList(const char *Cmd)
line); line);
if (pf) { // if (pf) {
fprintf(pf," +%7d: %3d: %s %s\n", // fprintf(pf," +%7d: %3d: %s %s\n",
(prev < 0 ? 0 : (timestamp - prev)), // (prev < 0 ? 0 : (timestamp - prev)),
bits, // bits,
(isResponse ? "TAG" : " "), // (isResponse ? "TAG" : " "),
line); // line);
} // }
prev = timestamp; prev = timestamp;
i += (len + 9); i += (len + 9);
} }
if (pf) {
PrintAndLog("Recorded activity succesfully written to file: %s", filename);
fclose(pf);
}
return 0; return 0;
} }
@ -149,6 +142,7 @@ int CmdLFHitagSim(const char *Cmd) {
tag_mem_supplied = true; tag_mem_supplied = true;
if (fread(c.d.asBytes,48,1,pf) == 0) { if (fread(c.d.asBytes,48,1,pf) == 0) {
PrintAndLog("Error: File reading error"); PrintAndLog("Error: File reading error");
fclose(pf);
return 1; return 1;
} }
fclose(pf); fclose(pf);

3
client/cmdmain.c
View file

@ -134,8 +134,9 @@ int getCommand(UsbCommand* response)
*/ */
bool WaitForResponseTimeout(uint32_t cmd, UsbCommand* response, size_t ms_timeout) { bool WaitForResponseTimeout(uint32_t cmd, UsbCommand* response, size_t ms_timeout) {
if (response == NULL) {
UsbCommand resp; UsbCommand resp;
if (response == NULL) {
response = &resp; response = &resp;
} }

10
client/loclass/ikeys.c
View file

@ -727,13 +727,17 @@ int readKeyFile(uint8_t key[8])
{ {
FILE *f; FILE *f;
int retval = 1;
f = fopen("iclass_key.bin", "rb"); f = fopen("iclass_key.bin", "rb");
if (f) if (f)
{ {
if(fread(key, sizeof(key), 1, f) == 1) return 0; if(fread(key, sizeof(uint8_t), 8, f) == 1)
{
retval = 0;
} }
return 1; fclose(f);
}
return retval;
} }

14
client/mifarehost.c
View file

@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ static uint8_t trailerAccessBytes[4] = {0x08, 0x77, 0x8F, 0x00};
// variables // variables
char logHexFileName[200] = {0x00}; char logHexFileName[200] = {0x00};
static uint8_t traceCard[4096] = {0x00}; static uint8_t traceCard[4096] = {0x00};
static char traceFileName[20]; static char traceFileName[200] = {0};
static int traceState = TRACE_IDLE; static int traceState = TRACE_IDLE;
static uint8_t traceCurBlock = 0; static uint8_t traceCurBlock = 0;
static uint8_t traceCurKey = 0; static uint8_t traceCurKey = 0;
@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ int mfTraceDecode(uint8_t *data_src, int len, uint32_t parity, bool wantSaveToEm
break; break;
case TRACE_WRITE_OK: case TRACE_WRITE_OK:
if ((len == 1) && (data[0] = 0x0a)) { if ((len == 1) && (data[0] == 0x0a)) {
traceState = TRACE_WRITE_DATA; traceState = TRACE_WRITE_DATA;
return 0; return 0;
@ -555,7 +555,6 @@ int mfTraceDecode(uint8_t *data_src, int len, uint32_t parity, bool wantSaveToEm
at_par = parity; at_par = parity;
// decode key here) // decode key here)
if (!traceCrypto1) {
ks2 = ar_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 64); ks2 = ar_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 64);
ks3 = at_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 96); ks3 = at_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 96);
revstate = lfsr_recovery64(ks2, ks3); revstate = lfsr_recovery64(ks2, ks3);
@ -563,15 +562,6 @@ int mfTraceDecode(uint8_t *data_src, int len, uint32_t parity, bool wantSaveToEm
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, 0, 0); lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, 0, 0);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, nr_enc, 1); lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, nr_enc, 1);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, uid ^ nt, 0); lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, uid ^ nt, 0);
}else{
ks2 = ar_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 64);
ks3 = at_enc ^ prng_successor(nt, 96);
revstate = lfsr_recovery64(ks2, ks3);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, 0, 0);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, 0, 0);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, nr_enc, 1);
lfsr_rollback_word(revstate, uid ^ nt, 0);
}
crypto1_get_lfsr(revstate, &lfsr); crypto1_get_lfsr(revstate, &lfsr);
printf("key> %x%x\n", (unsigned int)((lfsr & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32), (unsigned int)(lfsr & 0xFFFFFFFF)); printf("key> %x%x\n", (unsigned int)((lfsr & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32), (unsigned int)(lfsr & 0xFFFFFFFF));
AddLogUint64(logHexFileName, "key> ", lfsr); AddLogUint64(logHexFileName, "key> ", lfsr);

6
client/nonce2key/crapto1.c
View file

@ -544,8 +544,14 @@ lfsr_common_prefix(uint32_t pfx, uint32_t rr, uint8_t ks[8], uint8_t par[8][8],
statelist = malloc((sizeof *statelist) << 21); //how large should be? statelist = malloc((sizeof *statelist) << 21); //how large should be?
if(!statelist || !odd || !even) if(!statelist || !odd || !even)
{
free(statelist);
free(odd);
free(even);
return 0; return 0;
}
s = statelist; s = statelist;
for(o = odd; *o != -1; ++o) for(o = odd; *o != -1; ++o)
for(e = even; *e != -1; ++e) for(e = even; *e != -1; ++e)