diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/__init__.py b/lib/importlib_resources/__init__.py
index 15f6b26b..34e3a995 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/__init__.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from ._legacy import (
     Resource,
 )
 
-from importlib_resources.abc import ResourceReader
+from .abc import ResourceReader
 
 
 __all__ = [
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/_common.py b/lib/importlib_resources/_common.py
index a12e2c75..9f19784d 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/_common.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/_common.py
@@ -5,25 +5,58 @@ import functools
 import contextlib
 import types
 import importlib
+import inspect
+import warnings
+import itertools
 
-from typing import Union, Optional
+from typing import Union, Optional, cast
 from .abc import ResourceReader, Traversable
 
 from ._compat import wrap_spec
 
 Package = Union[types.ModuleType, str]
+Anchor = Package
 
 
-def files(package):
-    # type: (Package) -> Traversable
+def package_to_anchor(func):
     """
-    Get a Traversable resource from a package
+    Replace 'package' parameter as 'anchor' and warn about the change.
+
+    Other errors should fall through.
+
+    >>> files('a', 'b')
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+    TypeError: files() takes from 0 to 1 positional arguments but 2 were given
     """
-    return from_package(get_package(package))
+    undefined = object()
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(anchor=undefined, package=undefined):
+        if package is not undefined:
+            if anchor is not undefined:
+                return func(anchor, package)
+            warnings.warn(
+                "First parameter to files is renamed to 'anchor'",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                stacklevel=2,
+            )
+            return func(package)
+        elif anchor is undefined:
+            return func()
+        return func(anchor)
+
+    return wrapper
 
 
-def get_resource_reader(package):
-    # type: (types.ModuleType) -> Optional[ResourceReader]
+@package_to_anchor
+def files(anchor: Optional[Anchor] = None) -> Traversable:
+    """
+    Get a Traversable resource for an anchor.
+    """
+    return from_package(resolve(anchor))
+
+
+def get_resource_reader(package: types.ModuleType) -> Optional[ResourceReader]:
     """
     Return the package's loader if it's a ResourceReader.
     """
@@ -39,24 +72,39 @@ def get_resource_reader(package):
     return reader(spec.name)  # type: ignore
 
 
-def resolve(cand):
-    # type: (Package) -> types.ModuleType
-    return cand if isinstance(cand, types.ModuleType) else importlib.import_module(cand)
+@functools.singledispatch
+def resolve(cand: Optional[Anchor]) -> types.ModuleType:
+    return cast(types.ModuleType, cand)
 
 
-def get_package(package):
-    # type: (Package) -> types.ModuleType
-    """Take a package name or module object and return the module.
+@resolve.register
+def _(cand: str) -> types.ModuleType:
+    return importlib.import_module(cand)
 
-    Raise an exception if the resolved module is not a package.
+
+@resolve.register
+def _(cand: None) -> types.ModuleType:
+    return resolve(_infer_caller().f_globals['__name__'])
+
+
+def _infer_caller():
     """
-    resolved = resolve(package)
-    if wrap_spec(resolved).submodule_search_locations is None:
-        raise TypeError(f'{package!r} is not a package')
-    return resolved
+    Walk the stack and find the frame of the first caller not in this module.
+    """
+
+    def is_this_file(frame_info):
+        return frame_info.filename == __file__
+
+    def is_wrapper(frame_info):
+        return frame_info.function == 'wrapper'
+
+    not_this_file = itertools.filterfalse(is_this_file, inspect.stack())
+    # also exclude 'wrapper' due to singledispatch in the call stack
+    callers = itertools.filterfalse(is_wrapper, not_this_file)
+    return next(callers).frame
 
 
-def from_package(package):
+def from_package(package: types.ModuleType):
     """
     Return a Traversable object for the given package.
 
@@ -67,7 +115,14 @@ def from_package(package):
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def _tempfile(reader, suffix=''):
+def _tempfile(
+    reader,
+    suffix='',
+    # gh-93353: Keep a reference to call os.remove() in late Python
+    # finalization.
+    *,
+    _os_remove=os.remove,
+):
     # Not using tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile as it leads to deeper 'try'
     # blocks due to the need to close the temporary file to work on Windows
     # properly.
@@ -81,18 +136,35 @@ def _tempfile(reader, suffix=''):
         yield pathlib.Path(raw_path)
     finally:
         try:
-            os.remove(raw_path)
+            _os_remove(raw_path)
         except FileNotFoundError:
             pass
 
 
+def _temp_file(path):
+    return _tempfile(path.read_bytes, suffix=path.name)
+
+
+def _is_present_dir(path: Traversable) -> bool:
+    """
+    Some Traversables implement ``is_dir()`` to raise an
+    exception (i.e. ``FileNotFoundError``) when the
+    directory doesn't exist. This function wraps that call
+    to always return a boolean and only return True
+    if there's a dir and it exists.
+    """
+    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+        return path.is_dir()
+    return False
+
+
 @functools.singledispatch
 def as_file(path):
     """
     Given a Traversable object, return that object as a
     path on the local file system in a context manager.
     """
-    return _tempfile(path.read_bytes, suffix=path.name)
+    return _temp_dir(path) if _is_present_dir(path) else _temp_file(path)
 
 
 @as_file.register(pathlib.Path)
@@ -102,3 +174,34 @@ def _(path):
     Degenerate behavior for pathlib.Path objects.
     """
     yield path
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _temp_path(dir: tempfile.TemporaryDirectory):
+    """
+    Wrap tempfile.TemporyDirectory to return a pathlib object.
+    """
+    with dir as result:
+        yield pathlib.Path(result)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def _temp_dir(path):
+    """
+    Given a traversable dir, recursively replicate the whole tree
+    to the file system in a context manager.
+    """
+    assert path.is_dir()
+    with _temp_path(tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()) as temp_dir:
+        yield _write_contents(temp_dir, path)
+
+
+def _write_contents(target, source):
+    child = target.joinpath(source.name)
+    if source.is_dir():
+        child.mkdir()
+        for item in source.iterdir():
+            _write_contents(child, item)
+    else:
+        child.open('wb').write(source.read_bytes())
+    return child
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/_legacy.py b/lib/importlib_resources/_legacy.py
index 1d5d3f1f..b1ea8105 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/_legacy.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/_legacy.py
@@ -27,8 +27,7 @@ def deprecated(func):
     return wrapper
 
 
-def normalize_path(path):
-    # type: (Any) -> str
+def normalize_path(path: Any) -> str:
     """Normalize a path by ensuring it is a string.
 
     If the resulting string contains path separators, an exception is raised.
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/abc.py b/lib/importlib_resources/abc.py
index 5e38ba61..23b6aeaf 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/abc.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/abc.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import abc
 import io
+import itertools
+import pathlib
 from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Iterable, Iterator, NoReturn, Text, Optional
 
 from ._compat import runtime_checkable, Protocol, StrPath
@@ -50,6 +52,10 @@ class ResourceReader(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         raise FileNotFoundError
 
 
+class TraversalError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
 @runtime_checkable
 class Traversable(Protocol):
     """
@@ -92,7 +98,6 @@ class Traversable(Protocol):
         Return True if self is a file
         """
 
-    @abc.abstractmethod
     def joinpath(self, *descendants: StrPath) -> "Traversable":
         """
         Return Traversable resolved with any descendants applied.
@@ -101,6 +106,22 @@ class Traversable(Protocol):
         and each may contain multiple levels separated by
         ``posixpath.sep`` (``/``).
         """
+        if not descendants:
+            return self
+        names = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            path.parts for path in map(pathlib.PurePosixPath, descendants)
+        )
+        target = next(names)
+        matches = (
+            traversable for traversable in self.iterdir() if traversable.name == target
+        )
+        try:
+            match = next(matches)
+        except StopIteration:
+            raise TraversalError(
+                "Target not found during traversal.", target, list(names)
+            )
+        return match.joinpath(*names)
 
     def __truediv__(self, child: StrPath) -> "Traversable":
         """
@@ -118,7 +139,8 @@ class Traversable(Protocol):
         accepted by io.TextIOWrapper.
         """
 
-    @abc.abstractproperty
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
     def name(self) -> str:
         """
         The base name of this object without any parent references.
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/readers.py b/lib/importlib_resources/readers.py
index f1190ca4..ab34db74 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/readers.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/readers.py
@@ -82,15 +82,13 @@ class MultiplexedPath(abc.Traversable):
     def is_file(self):
         return False
 
-    def joinpath(self, child):
-        # first try to find child in current paths
-        for file in self.iterdir():
-            if file.name == child:
-                return file
-        # if it does not exist, construct it with the first path
-        return self._paths[0] / child
-
-    __truediv__ = joinpath
+    def joinpath(self, *descendants):
+        try:
+            return super().joinpath(*descendants)
+        except abc.TraversalError:
+            # One of the paths did not resolve (a directory does not exist).
+            # Just return something that will not exist.
+            return self._paths[0].joinpath(*descendants)
 
     def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise FileNotFoundError(f'{self} is not a file')
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/simple.py b/lib/importlib_resources/simple.py
index d0fbf237..7770c922 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/simple.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/simple.py
@@ -16,31 +16,28 @@ class SimpleReader(abc.ABC):
     provider.
     """
 
-    @abc.abstractproperty
-    def package(self):
-        # type: () -> str
+    @property
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def package(self) -> str:
         """
         The name of the package for which this reader loads resources.
         """
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def children(self):
-        # type: () -> List['SimpleReader']
+    def children(self) -> List['SimpleReader']:
         """
         Obtain an iterable of SimpleReader for available
         child containers (e.g. directories).
         """
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def resources(self):
-        # type: () -> List[str]
+    def resources(self) -> List[str]:
         """
         Obtain available named resources for this virtual package.
         """
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def open_binary(self, resource):
-        # type: (str) -> BinaryIO
+    def open_binary(self, resource: str) -> BinaryIO:
         """
         Obtain a File-like for a named resource.
         """
@@ -50,13 +47,35 @@ class SimpleReader(abc.ABC):
         return self.package.split('.')[-1]
 
 
+class ResourceContainer(Traversable):
+    """
+    Traversable container for a package's resources via its reader.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, reader: SimpleReader):
+        self.reader = reader
+
+    def is_dir(self):
+        return True
+
+    def is_file(self):
+        return False
+
+    def iterdir(self):
+        files = (ResourceHandle(self, name) for name in self.reader.resources)
+        dirs = map(ResourceContainer, self.reader.children())
+        return itertools.chain(files, dirs)
+
+    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise IsADirectoryError()
+
+
 class ResourceHandle(Traversable):
     """
     Handle to a named resource in a ResourceReader.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, name):
-        # type: (ResourceContainer, str) -> None
+    def __init__(self, parent: ResourceContainer, name: str):
         self.parent = parent
         self.name = name  # type: ignore
 
@@ -76,44 +95,6 @@ class ResourceHandle(Traversable):
         raise RuntimeError("Cannot traverse into a resource")
 
 
-class ResourceContainer(Traversable):
-    """
-    Traversable container for a package's resources via its reader.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, reader):
-        # type: (SimpleReader) -> None
-        self.reader = reader
-
-    def is_dir(self):
-        return True
-
-    def is_file(self):
-        return False
-
-    def iterdir(self):
-        files = (ResourceHandle(self, name) for name in self.reader.resources)
-        dirs = map(ResourceContainer, self.reader.children())
-        return itertools.chain(files, dirs)
-
-    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        raise IsADirectoryError()
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _flatten(compound_names):
-        for name in compound_names:
-            yield from name.split('/')
-
-    def joinpath(self, *descendants):
-        if not descendants:
-            return self
-        names = self._flatten(descendants)
-        target = next(names)
-        return next(
-            traversable for traversable in self.iterdir() if traversable.name == target
-        ).joinpath(*names)
-
-
 class TraversableReader(TraversableResources, SimpleReader):
     """
     A TraversableResources based on SimpleReader. Resource providers
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
index 4c99cffd..e7bf06dd 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_compat.py
@@ -6,7 +6,20 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     # Python 3.9 and earlier
     class import_helper:  # type: ignore
-        from test.support import modules_setup, modules_cleanup
+        from test.support import (
+            modules_setup,
+            modules_cleanup,
+            DirsOnSysPath,
+            CleanImport,
+        )
+
+
+try:
+    from test.support import os_helper  # type: ignore
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 3.9 compat
+    class os_helper:  # type:ignore
+        from test.support import temp_dir
 
 
 try:
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_path.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_path.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c630e4d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/_path.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import pathlib
+import functools
+
+
+####
+# from jaraco.path 3.4
+
+
+def build(spec, prefix=pathlib.Path()):
+    """
+    Build a set of files/directories, as described by the spec.
+
+    Each key represents a pathname, and the value represents
+    the content. Content may be a nested directory.
+
+    >>> spec = {
+    ...     'README.txt': "A README file",
+    ...     "foo": {
+    ...         "__init__.py": "",
+    ...         "bar": {
+    ...             "__init__.py": "",
+    ...         },
+    ...         "baz.py": "# Some code",
+    ...     }
+    ... }
+    >>> tmpdir = getfixture('tmpdir')
+    >>> build(spec, tmpdir)
+    """
+    for name, contents in spec.items():
+        create(contents, pathlib.Path(prefix) / name)
+
+
+@functools.singledispatch
+def create(content, path):
+    path.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+    build(content, prefix=path)  # type: ignore
+
+
+@create.register
+def _(content: bytes, path):
+    path.write_bytes(content)
+
+
+@create.register
+def _(content: str, path):
+    path.write_text(content)
+
+
+# end from jaraco.path
+####
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_files.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_files.py
index 2676b49e..d258fb5f 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_files.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_files.py
@@ -1,10 +1,23 @@
 import typing
+import textwrap
 import unittest
+import warnings
+import importlib
+import contextlib
 
 import importlib_resources as resources
-from importlib_resources.abc import Traversable
+from ..abc import Traversable
 from . import data01
 from . import util
+from . import _path
+from ._compat import os_helper, import_helper
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def suppress_known_deprecation():
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as ctx:
+        warnings.simplefilter('default', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        yield ctx
 
 
 class FilesTests:
@@ -25,6 +38,14 @@ class FilesTests:
     def test_traversable(self):
         assert isinstance(resources.files(self.data), Traversable)
 
+    def test_old_parameter(self):
+        """
+        Files used to take a 'package' parameter. Make sure anyone
+        passing by name is still supported.
+        """
+        with suppress_known_deprecation():
+            resources.files(package=self.data)
+
 
 class OpenDiskTests(FilesTests, unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
@@ -42,5 +63,50 @@ class OpenNamespaceTests(FilesTests, unittest.TestCase):
         self.data = namespacedata01
 
 
+class SiteDir:
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.fixtures = contextlib.ExitStack()
+        self.addCleanup(self.fixtures.close)
+        self.site_dir = self.fixtures.enter_context(os_helper.temp_dir())
+        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.DirsOnSysPath(self.site_dir))
+        self.fixtures.enter_context(import_helper.CleanImport())
+
+
+class ModulesFilesTests(SiteDir, unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_module_resources(self):
+        """
+        A module can have resources found adjacent to the module.
+        """
+        spec = {
+            'mod.py': '',
+            'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
+        }
+        _path.build(spec, self.site_dir)
+        import mod
+
+        actual = resources.files(mod).joinpath('res.txt').read_text()
+        assert actual == spec['res.txt']
+
+
+class ImplicitContextFilesTests(SiteDir, unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_implicit_files(self):
+        """
+        Without any parameter, files() will infer the location as the caller.
+        """
+        spec = {
+            'somepkg': {
+                '__init__.py': textwrap.dedent(
+                    """
+                    import importlib_resources as res
+                    val = res.files().joinpath('res.txt').read_text()
+                    """
+                ),
+                'res.txt': 'resources are the best',
+            },
+        }
+        _path.build(spec, self.site_dir)
+        assert importlib.import_module('somepkg').val == 'resources are the best'
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
index 16841a50..1c8ebeeb 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_reader.py
@@ -75,6 +75,11 @@ class MultiplexedPathTest(unittest.TestCase):
             str(path.joinpath('imaginary'))[len(prefix) + 1 :],
             os.path.join('namespacedata01', 'imaginary'),
         )
+        self.assertEqual(path.joinpath(), path)
+
+    def test_join_path_compound(self):
+        path = MultiplexedPath(self.folder)
+        assert not path.joinpath('imaginary/foo.py').exists()
 
     def test_repr(self):
         self.assertEqual(
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
index 5affd8b0..82390271 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/test_resource.py
@@ -111,6 +111,14 @@ class ResourceFromZipsTest01(util.ZipSetupBase, unittest.TestCase):
             {'__init__.py', 'binary.file'},
         )
 
+    def test_as_file_directory(self):
+        with resources.as_file(resources.files('ziptestdata')) as data:
+            assert data.name == 'ziptestdata'
+            assert data.is_dir()
+            assert data.joinpath('subdirectory').is_dir()
+            assert len(list(data.iterdir()))
+        assert not data.parent.exists()
+
 
 class ResourceFromZipsTest02(util.ZipSetupBase, unittest.TestCase):
     ZIP_MODULE = zipdata02  # type: ignore
diff --git a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/util.py b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
index c6d83e4b..b596c0ce 100644
--- a/lib/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
+++ b/lib/importlib_resources/tests/util.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import importlib
 import io
 import sys
 import types
-from pathlib import Path, PurePath
+import pathlib
 
 from . import data01
 from . import zipdata01
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ class CommonTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
 
     def test_pathlib_path(self):
         # Passing in a pathlib.PurePath object for the path should succeed.
-        path = PurePath('utf-8.file')
+        path = pathlib.PurePath('utf-8.file')
         self.execute(data01, path)
 
     def test_importing_module_as_side_effect(self):
@@ -102,17 +102,6 @@ class CommonTests(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
         del sys.modules[data01.__name__]
         self.execute(data01.__name__, 'utf-8.file')
 
-    def test_non_package_by_name(self):
-        # The anchor package cannot be a module.
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            self.execute(__name__, 'utf-8.file')
-
-    def test_non_package_by_package(self):
-        # The anchor package cannot be a module.
-        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-            module = sys.modules['importlib_resources.tests.util']
-            self.execute(module, 'utf-8.file')
-
     def test_missing_path(self):
         # Attempting to open or read or request the path for a
         # non-existent path should succeed if open_resource
@@ -144,7 +133,7 @@ class ZipSetupBase:
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
-        data_path = Path(cls.ZIP_MODULE.__file__)
+        data_path = pathlib.Path(cls.ZIP_MODULE.__file__)
         data_dir = data_path.parent
         cls._zip_path = str(data_dir / 'ziptestdata.zip')
         sys.path.append(cls._zip_path)