diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/__init__.py b/lib/cloudinary/__init__.py
index 2cc24dc4..7702ca9f 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/__init__.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ CL_BLANK = "data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAA
 URI_SCHEME = "cloudinary"
 API_VERSION = "v1_1"
 
-VERSION = "1.34.0"
+VERSION = "1.39.1"
 
 _USER_PLATFORM_DETAILS = "; ".join((platform(), "Python {}".format(python_version())))
 
@@ -741,7 +741,11 @@ class CloudinaryResource(object):
         :return: Video tag
         """
         public_id = options.get('public_id', self.public_id)
-        source = re.sub(r"\.({0})$".format("|".join(self.default_source_types())), '', public_id)
+        use_fetch_format = options.get('use_fetch_format', config().use_fetch_format)
+        if not use_fetch_format:
+            source = re.sub(r"\.({0})$".format("|".join(self.default_source_types())), '', public_id)
+        else:
+            source = public_id
 
         custom_attributes = options.pop("attributes", dict())
 
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/api.py b/lib/cloudinary/api.py
index 8f07ee9e..cf5b2fca 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/api.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/api.py
@@ -14,7 +14,8 @@ from cloudinary import utils
 from cloudinary.api_client.call_api import (
     call_api,
     call_metadata_api,
-    call_json_api
+    call_json_api,
+    _call_v2_api
 )
 from cloudinary.exceptions import (
     BadRequest,
@@ -54,6 +55,19 @@ def usage(**options):
     return call_api("get", uri, {}, **options)
 
 
+def config(**options):
+    """
+    Get account config details.
+
+    :param options:     Additional options.
+    :type options:      dict, optional
+    :return:            Detailed config information.
+    :rtype:             Response
+    """
+    params = only(options, "settings")
+    return call_api("get", ["config"], params, **options)
+
+
 def resource_types(**options):
     return call_api("get", ["resources"], {}, **options)
 
@@ -64,24 +78,22 @@ def resources(**options):
     uri = ["resources", resource_type]
     if upload_type:
         uri.append(upload_type)
-    params = only(options, "next_cursor", "max_results", "prefix", "tags",
-                  "context", "moderations", "direction", "start_at", "metadata")
+    params = __list_resources_params(**options)
+    params.update(only(options, "prefix", "start_at"))
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
 def resources_by_tag(tag, **options):
     resource_type = options.pop("resource_type", "image")
     uri = ["resources", resource_type, "tags", tag]
-    params = only(options, "next_cursor", "max_results", "tags",
-                  "context", "moderations", "direction", "metadata")
+    params = __list_resources_params(**options)
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
 def resources_by_moderation(kind, status, **options):
     resource_type = options.pop("resource_type", "image")
     uri = ["resources", resource_type, "moderations", kind, status]
-    params = only(options, "next_cursor", "max_results", "tags",
-                  "context", "moderations", "direction", "metadata")
+    params = __list_resources_params(**options)
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
@@ -89,7 +101,7 @@ def resources_by_ids(public_ids, **options):
     resource_type = options.pop("resource_type", "image")
     upload_type = options.pop("type", "upload")
     uri = ["resources", resource_type, upload_type]
-    params = dict(only(options, "tags", "moderations", "context"), public_ids=public_ids)
+    params = dict(__resources_params(**options), public_ids=public_ids)
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
@@ -105,7 +117,7 @@ def resources_by_asset_folder(asset_folder, **options):
     :rtype:             Response
     """
     uri = ["resources", "by_asset_folder"]
-    params = only(options, "max_results", "tags", "moderations", "context", "next_cursor")
+    params = __list_resources_params(**options)
     params["asset_folder"] = asset_folder
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
@@ -125,7 +137,7 @@ def resources_by_asset_ids(asset_ids, **options):
     :rtype:             Response
     """
     uri = ["resources", 'by_asset_ids']
-    params = dict(only(options, "tags", "moderations", "context"), asset_ids=asset_ids)
+    params = dict(__resources_params(**options), asset_ids=asset_ids)
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
@@ -147,15 +159,43 @@ def resources_by_context(key, value=None, **options):
     """
     resource_type = options.pop("resource_type", "image")
     uri = ["resources", resource_type, "context"]
-    params = only(options, "next_cursor", "max_results", "tags",
-                  "context", "moderations", "direction", "metadata")
+    params = __list_resources_params(**options)
     params["key"] = key
     if value is not None:
         params["value"] = value
     return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
 
 
-def visual_search(image_url=None, image_asset_id=None, text=None, **options):
+def __resources_params(**options):
+    """
+       Prepares optional parameters for resources_* API calls.
+
+       :param options: Additional options
+       :return: Optional parameters
+
+       :internal
+       """
+    params = only(options, "tags", "context", "metadata", "moderations")
+    params["fields"] = options.get("fields") and utils.encode_list(utils.build_array(options["fields"]))
+    return params
+
+
+def __list_resources_params(**options):
+    """
+       Prepares optional parameters for resources_* API calls.
+
+       :param options: Additional options
+       :return: Optional parameters
+
+       :internal
+       """
+    resources_params = __resources_params(**options)
+    resources_params.update(only(options, "next_cursor", "max_results", "direction"))
+
+    return resources_params
+
+
+def visual_search(image_url=None, image_asset_id=None, text=None, image_file=None, **options):
     """
     Find images based on their visual content.
 
@@ -165,14 +205,17 @@ def visual_search(image_url=None, image_asset_id=None, text=None, **options):
     :type image_asset_id:   str
     :param text:            A textual description, e.g., "cat"
     :type text:             str
+    :param image_file:      The image file.
+    :type image_file:       str|callable|Path|bytes
     :param options:         Additional options
     :type options:          dict, optional
     :return:                Resources (assets) that were found
     :rtype:                 Response
     """
     uri = ["resources", "visual_search"]
-    params = {"image_url": image_url, "image_asset_id": image_asset_id, "text": text}
-    return call_api("get", uri, params, **options)
+    params = {"image_url": image_url, "image_asset_id": image_asset_id, "text": text,
+              "image_file": utils.handle_file_parameter(image_file, "file")}
+    return call_api("post", uri, params, **options)
 
 
 def resource(public_id, **options):
@@ -224,11 +267,11 @@ def update(public_id, **options):
     if "tags" in options:
         params["tags"] = ",".join(utils.build_array(options["tags"]))
     if "face_coordinates" in options:
-        params["face_coordinates"] = utils.encode_double_array(
-            options.get("face_coordinates"))
+        params["face_coordinates"] = utils.encode_double_array(options.get("face_coordinates"))
     if "custom_coordinates" in options:
-        params["custom_coordinates"] = utils.encode_double_array(
-            options.get("custom_coordinates"))
+        params["custom_coordinates"] = utils.encode_double_array(options.get("custom_coordinates"))
+    if "regions" in options:
+        params["regions"] = utils.json_encode(options.get("regions"))
     if "context" in options:
         params["context"] = utils.encode_context(options.get("context"))
     if "metadata" in options:
@@ -656,9 +699,8 @@ def add_metadata_field(field, **options):
 
     :rtype: Response
     """
-    params = only(field, "type", "external_id", "label", "mandatory",
-                  "default_value", "validation", "datasource")
-    return call_metadata_api("post", [], params, **options)
+
+    return call_metadata_api("post", [], __metadata_field_params(field), **options)
 
 
 def update_metadata_field(field_external_id, field, **options):
@@ -677,8 +719,13 @@ def update_metadata_field(field_external_id, field, **options):
     :rtype: Response
     """
     uri = [field_external_id]
-    params = only(field, "label", "mandatory", "default_value", "validation")
-    return call_metadata_api("put", uri, params, **options)
+
+    return call_metadata_api("put", uri, __metadata_field_params(field), **options)
+
+
+def __metadata_field_params(field):
+    return only(field, "type", "external_id", "label", "mandatory", "restrictions",
+                "default_value", "validation", "datasource")
 
 
 def delete_metadata_field(field_external_id, **options):
@@ -798,3 +845,18 @@ def reorder_metadata_fields(order_by, direction=None, **options):
     uri = ['order']
     params = {'order_by': order_by, 'direction': direction}
     return call_metadata_api('put', uri, params, **options)
+
+
+def analyze(input_type, analysis_type, uri=None, **options):
+    """Analyzes an asset with the requested analysis type.
+
+    :param input_type: The type of input for the asset to analyze ('uri').
+    :param analysis_type: The type of analysis to run ('google_tagging', 'captioning', 'fashion').
+    :param uri: The URI of the asset to analyze.
+    :param options: Additional options.
+
+    :rtype: Response
+    """
+    api_uri = ['analysis', 'analyze', input_type]
+    params = {'analysis_type': analysis_type, 'uri': uri, 'parameters': options.get("parameters")}
+    return _call_v2_api('post', api_uri, params, **options)
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_account_api.py b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_account_api.py
index c40aaf3b..5a6cf3ab 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_account_api.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_account_api.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 import cloudinary
 from cloudinary.api_client.execute_request import execute_request
 from cloudinary.provisioning.account_config import account_config
-from cloudinary.utils import get_http_connector
-
+from cloudinary.utils import get_http_connector, normalize_params
 
 PROVISIONING_SUB_PATH = "provisioning"
 ACCOUNT_SUB_PATH = "accounts"
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ def _call_account_api(method, uri, params=None, headers=None, **options):
 
     return execute_request(http_connector=_http,
                            method=method,
-                           params=params,
+                           params=normalize_params(params),
                            headers=headers,
                            auth=auth,
                            api_url=provisioning_api_url,
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_api.py b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_api.py
index 916a396a..94a3c9ec 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_api.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/call_api.py
@@ -2,8 +2,7 @@ import json
 
 import cloudinary
 from cloudinary.api_client.execute_request import execute_request
-from cloudinary.utils import get_http_connector
-
+from cloudinary.utils import get_http_connector, normalize_params
 
 logger = cloudinary.logger
 _http = get_http_connector(cloudinary.config(), cloudinary.CERT_KWARGS)
@@ -27,6 +26,10 @@ def call_json_api(method, uri, json_body, **options):
     return _call_api(method, uri, body=data, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, **options)
 
 
+def _call_v2_api(method, uri, json_body, **options):
+    return call_json_api(method, uri, json_body=json_body, api_version='v2', **options)
+
+
 def call_api(method, uri, params, **options):
     return _call_api(method, uri, params=params, **options)
 
@@ -43,10 +46,11 @@ def _call_api(method, uri, params=None, body=None, headers=None, extra_headers=N
     oauth_token = options.pop("oauth_token", cloudinary.config().oauth_token)
 
     _validate_authorization(api_key, api_secret, oauth_token)
-
-    api_url = "/".join([prefix, cloudinary.API_VERSION, cloud_name] + uri)
     auth = {"key": api_key, "secret": api_secret, "oauth_token": oauth_token}
 
+    api_version = options.pop("api_version",  cloudinary.API_VERSION)
+    api_url = "/".join([prefix, api_version, cloud_name] + uri)
+
     if body is not None:
         options["body"] = body
 
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ def _call_api(method, uri, params=None, body=None, headers=None, extra_headers=N
 
     return execute_request(http_connector=_http,
                            method=method,
-                           params=params,
+                           params=normalize_params(params),
                            headers=headers,
                            auth=auth,
                            api_url=api_url,
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/execute_request.py b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/execute_request.py
index 1bd52a25..97aba8cb 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/api_client/execute_request.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/api_client/execute_request.py
@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@ def execute_request(http_connector, method, params, headers, auth, api_url, **op
     processed_params = process_params(params)
 
     api_url = smart_escape(unquote(api_url))
-
     try:
-        response = http_connector.request(method.upper(), api_url, processed_params, req_headers, **kw)
+        response = http_connector.request(method=method.upper(), url=api_url, fields=processed_params, headers=req_headers, **kw)
         body = response.data
     except HTTPError as e:
         raise GeneralError("Unexpected error %s" % str(e))
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/http_client.py b/lib/cloudinary/http_client.py
index 4355b017..b5f6e1b3 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/http_client.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/http_client.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class HttpClient:
 
     def get_json(self, url):
         try:
-            response = self._http_client.request("GET", url, timeout=self.timeout)
+            response = self._http_client.request(method="GET", url=url, timeout=self.timeout)
             body = response.data
         except HTTPError as e:
             raise GeneralError("Unexpected error %s" % str(e))
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/__init__.py b/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/__init__.py
index 09afc114..7016343a 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/__init__.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/__init__.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ from .account_config import AccountConfig, account_config, reset_config
 from .account import (sub_accounts, create_sub_account, delete_sub_account, sub_account, update_sub_account,
                       user_groups, create_user_group, update_user_group, delete_user_group, user_group,
                       add_user_to_group, remove_user_from_group, user_group_users, user_in_user_groups,
-                      users, create_user, delete_user, user, update_user, Role)
+                      users, create_user, delete_user, user, update_user, access_keys, generate_access_key,
+                      update_access_key, delete_access_key, Role)
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/account.py b/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/account.py
index 414c2727..90b1c385 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/account.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/provisioning/account.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 from cloudinary.api_client.call_account_api import _call_account_api
 from cloudinary.utils import encode_list
 
-
 SUB_ACCOUNTS_SUB_PATH = "sub_accounts"
 USERS_SUB_PATH = "users"
 USER_GROUPS_SUB_PATH = "user_groups"
+ACCESS_KEYS = "access_keys"
 
 
 class Role(object):
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ def update_sub_account(sub_account_id, name=None, cloud_name=None, custom_attrib
     return _call_account_api("put", uri, params=params, **options)
 
 
-def users(user_ids=None, sub_account_id=None, pending=None, prefix=None, **options):
+def users(user_ids=None, sub_account_id=None, pending=None, prefix=None, last_login=None, from_date=None, to_date=None,
+          **options):
     """
     List all users
     :param user_ids:        The ids of the users to fetch
@@ -136,6 +137,13 @@ def users(user_ids=None, sub_account_id=None, pending=None, prefix=None, **optio
     :type pending:          bool, optional
     :param prefix:          User prefix
     :type prefix:           str, optional
+    :param last_login:      Return only users that last logged in in the specified range of dates (true), 
+                            users that didn't last logged in in that range (false), or all users (None).
+    :type last_login:       bool, optional
+    :param from_date:       Last login start date.
+    :type from_date:        datetime, optional
+    :param to_date:         Last login end date.
+    :type to_date:          datetime, optional
     :param options:         Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation.
     :type options:          dict, optional
     :return:                List of users associated with the account
@@ -146,7 +154,10 @@ def users(user_ids=None, sub_account_id=None, pending=None, prefix=None, **optio
     params = {"ids": user_ids,
               "sub_account_id": sub_account_id,
               "pending": pending,
-              "prefix": prefix}
+              "prefix": prefix,
+              "last_login": last_login,
+              "from": from_date,
+              "to": to_date}
     return _call_account_api("get", uri, params=params, **options)
 
 
@@ -351,7 +362,7 @@ def user_in_user_groups(user_id, **options):
     """
     Get all user groups a user belongs to
     :param user_id:             The id of user
-    :param user_id:             str
+    :type user_id:              str
     :param options:             Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation
     :type options:              dict, optional
     :return:                    List of groups user is in
@@ -359,3 +370,112 @@ def user_in_user_groups(user_id, **options):
     """
     uri = [USER_GROUPS_SUB_PATH, user_id]
     return _call_account_api("get", uri, {}, **options)
+
+
+def access_keys(sub_account_id, page_size=None, page=None, sort_by=None, sort_order=None, **options):
+    """
+    Get sub account access keys.
+
+    :param sub_account_id:  The id of the sub account.
+    :type sub_account_id:   str
+    :param page_size:       How many entries to display on each page.
+    :type page_size:        int
+    :param page:            Which page to return (maximum pages: 100). **Default**: All pages are returned.
+    :type page:             int
+    :param sort_by:         Which response parameter to sort by.
+                                **Possible values**: `api_key`, `created_at`, `name`, `enabled`.
+    :type sort_by:          str
+    :param sort_order:      Control the order of returned keys. **Possible values**: `desc` (default), `asc`.
+    :type sort_order:       str
+    :param options:         Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation.
+    :type options:          dict, optional
+    :return:                List of access keys
+    :rtype:                 dict
+    """
+    uri = [SUB_ACCOUNTS_SUB_PATH, sub_account_id, ACCESS_KEYS]
+    params = {
+        "page_size": page_size,
+        "page": page,
+        "sort_by": sort_by,
+        "sort_order": sort_order,
+    }
+    return _call_account_api("get", uri, params, **options)
+
+
+def generate_access_key(sub_account_id, name=None, enabled=None, **options):
+    """
+    Generate a new access key.
+
+    :param sub_account_id:      The id of the sub account.
+    :type sub_account_id:       str
+    :param name:                The name of the new access key.
+    :type name:                 str
+    :param enabled:             Whether the new access key is enabled or disabled.
+    :type enabled:              bool
+    :param options:             Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation.
+    :type options:              dict, optional
+    :return:                    Access key details
+    :rtype:                     dict
+    """
+    uri = [SUB_ACCOUNTS_SUB_PATH, sub_account_id, ACCESS_KEYS]
+    params = {
+        "name": name,
+        "enabled": enabled,
+    }
+    return _call_account_api("post", uri, params, **options)
+
+
+def update_access_key(sub_account_id, api_key, name=None, enabled=None, dedicated_for=None, **options):
+    """
+    Update the name and/or status of an existing access key.
+
+    :param sub_account_id:      The id of the sub account.
+    :type sub_account_id:       str
+    :param api_key:             The API key of the access key.
+    :type api_key:              str|int
+    :param name:                The updated name of the access key.
+    :type name:                 str
+    :param enabled:             Enable or disable the access key.
+    :type enabled:              bool
+    :param dedicated_for:       Designates the access key for a specific purpose while allowing it to be used for
+                                other purposes, as well. This action replaces any previously assigned key.
+                                **Possible values**: `webhooks`
+    :type dedicated_for:        str
+    :param options:             Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation.
+    :type options:              dict, optional
+    :return:                    Access key details
+    :rtype:                     dict
+    """
+    uri = [SUB_ACCOUNTS_SUB_PATH, sub_account_id, ACCESS_KEYS, str(api_key)]
+    params = {
+        "name": name,
+        "enabled": enabled,
+        "dedicated_for": dedicated_for,
+    }
+    return _call_account_api("put", uri, params, **options)
+
+
+def delete_access_key(sub_account_id, api_key=None, name=None, **options):
+    """
+    Delete an existing access key by api_key or by name.
+
+    :param sub_account_id:      The id of the sub account.
+    :type sub_account_id:       str
+    :param api_key:             The API key of the access key.
+    :type api_key:              str|int
+    :param name:                The name of the access key.
+    :type name:                 str
+    :param options:             Generic advanced options dict, see online documentation.
+    :type options:              dict, optional
+    :return:                    Operation status.
+    :rtype:                     dict
+    """
+    uri = [SUB_ACCOUNTS_SUB_PATH, sub_account_id, ACCESS_KEYS]
+
+    if api_key is not None:
+        uri.append(str(api_key))
+
+    params = {
+        "name": name
+    }
+    return _call_account_api("delete", uri, params, **options)
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/search.py b/lib/cloudinary/search.py
index 7af1773c..4e83af68 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/search.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/search.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import json
 
 import cloudinary
 from cloudinary.api_client.call_api import call_json_api
-from cloudinary.utils import unique, unsigned_download_url_prefix, build_distribution_domain, base64url_encode, \
-    json_encode, compute_hex_hash, SIGNATURE_SHA256
+from cloudinary.utils import (unique, build_distribution_domain, base64url_encode, json_encode, compute_hex_hash,
+                              SIGNATURE_SHA256, build_array)
 
 
 class Search(object):
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ class Search(object):
         'sort_by': lambda x: next(iter(x)),
         'aggregate': None,
         'with_field': None,
+        'fields': None,
     }
 
     _ttl = 300  # Used for search URLs
@@ -57,6 +58,11 @@ class Search(object):
         self._add("with_field", value)
         return self
 
+    def fields(self, value):
+        """Request which fields to return in the result set."""
+        self._add("fields", value)
+        return self
+
     def ttl(self, ttl):
         """
         Sets the time to live of the search URL.
@@ -133,5 +139,5 @@ class Search(object):
     def _add(self, name, value):
         if name not in self.query:
             self.query[name] = []
-        self.query[name].append(value)
+        self.query[name].extend(build_array(value))
         return self
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/uploader.py b/lib/cloudinary/uploader.py
index d4039ccc..a2c91ad5 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/uploader.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/uploader.py
@@ -23,11 +23,6 @@ try:  # Python 2.7+
 except ImportError:
     from urllib3.packages.ordered_dict import OrderedDict
 
-try:  # Python 3.4+
-    from pathlib import Path as PathLibPathType
-except ImportError:
-    PathLibPathType = None
-
 if is_appengine_sandbox():
     # AppEngineManager uses AppEngine's URLFetch API behind the scenes
     _http = AppEngineManager()
@@ -503,32 +498,7 @@ def call_api(action, params, http_headers=None, return_error=False, unsigned=Fal
 
     if file:
         filename = options.get("filename")  # Custom filename provided by user (relevant only for streams and files)
-
-        if PathLibPathType and isinstance(file, PathLibPathType):
-            name = filename or file.name
-            data = file.read_bytes()
-        elif isinstance(file, string_types):
-            if utils.is_remote_url(file):
-                # URL
-                name = None
-                data = file
-            else:
-                # file path
-                name = filename or file
-                with open(file, "rb") as opened:
-                    data = opened.read()
-        elif hasattr(file, 'read') and callable(file.read):
-            # stream
-            data = file.read()
-            name = filename or (file.name if hasattr(file, 'name') and isinstance(file.name, str) else "stream")
-        elif isinstance(file, tuple):
-            name, data = file
-        else:
-            # Not a string, not a stream
-            name = filename or "file"
-            data = file
-
-        param_list.append(("file", (name, data) if name else data))
+        param_list.append(("file", utils.handle_file_parameter(file, filename)))
 
     kw = {}
     if timeout is not None:
@@ -536,7 +506,7 @@ def call_api(action, params, http_headers=None, return_error=False, unsigned=Fal
 
     code = 200
     try:
-        response = _http.request("POST", api_url, param_list, headers, **kw)
+        response = _http.request(method="POST", url=api_url, fields=param_list, headers=headers, **kw)
     except HTTPError as e:
         raise Error("Unexpected error - {0!r}".format(e))
     except socket.error as e:
diff --git a/lib/cloudinary/utils.py b/lib/cloudinary/utils.py
index 680c175e..1b7b7215 100644
--- a/lib/cloudinary/utils.py
+++ b/lib/cloudinary/utils.py
@@ -25,6 +25,11 @@ from cloudinary import auth_token
 from cloudinary.api_client.tcp_keep_alive_manager import TCPKeepAlivePoolManager, TCPKeepAliveProxyManager
 from cloudinary.compat import PY3, to_bytes, to_bytearray, to_string, string_types, urlparse
 
+try:  # Python 3.4+
+    from pathlib import Path as PathLibPathType
+except ImportError:
+    PathLibPathType = None
+
 VAR_NAME_RE = r'(\$\([a-zA-Z]\w+\))'
 
 urlencode = six.moves.urllib.parse.urlencode
@@ -127,6 +132,7 @@ __SERIALIZED_UPLOAD_PARAMS = [
     "allowed_formats",
     "face_coordinates",
     "custom_coordinates",
+    "regions",
     "context",
     "auto_tagging",
     "responsive_breakpoints",
@@ -181,12 +187,11 @@ def compute_hex_hash(s, algorithm=SIGNATURE_SHA1):
 
 
 def build_array(arg):
-    if isinstance(arg, list):
+    if isinstance(arg, (list, tuple)):
         return arg
     elif arg is None:
         return []
-    else:
-        return [arg]
+    return [arg]
 
 
 def build_list_of_dicts(val):
@@ -235,8 +240,7 @@ def encode_double_array(array):
     array = build_array(array)
     if len(array) > 0 and isinstance(array[0], list):
         return "|".join([",".join([str(i) for i in build_array(inner)]) for inner in array])
-    else:
-        return encode_list([str(i) for i in array])
+    return encode_list([str(i) for i in array])
 
 
 def encode_dict(arg):
@@ -246,8 +250,7 @@ def encode_dict(arg):
         else:
             items = arg.iteritems()
         return "|".join((k + "=" + v) for k, v in items)
-    else:
-        return arg
+    return arg
 
 
 def normalize_context_value(value):
@@ -288,9 +291,14 @@ def json_encode(value, sort_keys=False):
     Converts value to a json encoded string
 
     :param value: value to be encoded
+    :param sort_keys: whether to sort keys
 
     :return: JSON encoded string
     """
+
+    if isinstance(value, str) or value is None:
+        return value
+
     return json.dumps(value, default=__json_serializer, separators=(',', ':'), sort_keys=sort_keys)
 
 
@@ -309,11 +317,13 @@ def patch_fetch_format(options):
     """
     When upload type is fetch, remove the format options.
     In addition, set the fetch_format options to the format value unless it was already set.
-    Mutates the options parameter!
+    Mutates the "options" parameter!
 
     :param options: URL and transformation options
     """
-    if options.get("type", "upload") != "fetch":
+    use_fetch_format = options.pop("use_fetch_format", cloudinary.config().use_fetch_format)
+
+    if options.get("type", "upload") != "fetch" and not use_fetch_format:
         return
 
     resource_format = options.pop("format", None)
@@ -351,8 +361,7 @@ def generate_transformation_string(**options):
         def recurse(bs):
             if isinstance(bs, dict):
                 return generate_transformation_string(**bs)[0]
-            else:
-                return generate_transformation_string(transformation=bs)[0]
+            return generate_transformation_string(transformation=bs)[0]
 
         base_transformations = list(map(recurse, base_transformations))
         named_transformation = None
@@ -375,7 +384,7 @@ def generate_transformation_string(**options):
     flags = ".".join(build_array(options.pop("flags", None)))
     dpr = options.pop("dpr", cloudinary.config().dpr)
     duration = norm_range_value(options.pop("duration", None))
-    
+
     so_raw = options.pop("start_offset", None)
     start_offset = norm_auto_range_value(so_raw)
     if start_offset == None:
@@ -513,8 +522,7 @@ def split_range(range):
         return [range[0], range[-1]]
     elif isinstance(range, string_types) and re.match(RANGE_RE, range):
         return range.split("..", 1)
-    else:
-        return None
+    return None
 
 
 def norm_range_value(value):
@@ -570,6 +578,9 @@ def process_params(params):
         processed_params = {}
         for key, value in params.items():
             if isinstance(value, list) or isinstance(value, tuple):
+                if len(value) == 2 and value[0] == "file":  # keep file parameter as is.
+                    processed_params[key] = value
+                    continue
                 value_list = {"{}[{}]".format(key, i): i_value for i, i_value in enumerate(value)}
                 processed_params.update(value_list)
             elif value is not None:
@@ -578,9 +589,28 @@ def process_params(params):
 
 
 def cleanup_params(params):
+    """
+    Cleans and normalizes parameters when calculating signature in Upload API.
+
+    :param params:
+    :return:
+    """
     return dict([(k, __safe_value(v)) for (k, v) in params.items() if v is not None and not v == ""])
 
 
+def normalize_params(params):
+    """
+    Normalizes Admin API parameters.
+
+    :param params:
+    :return:
+    """
+    if not params or not isinstance(params, dict):
+        return params
+
+    return dict([(k, __bool_string(v)) for (k, v) in params.items() if v is not None and not v == ""])
+
+
 def sign_request(params, options):
     api_key = options.get("api_key", cloudinary.config().api_key)
     if not api_key:
@@ -1086,6 +1116,7 @@ def build_upload_params(**options):
         "allowed_formats": options.get("allowed_formats") and encode_list(build_array(options["allowed_formats"])),
         "face_coordinates": encode_double_array(options.get("face_coordinates")),
         "custom_coordinates": encode_double_array(options.get("custom_coordinates")),
+        "regions": json_encode(options.get("regions")),
         "context": encode_context(options.get("context")),
         "auto_tagging": options.get("auto_tagging") and str(options.get("auto_tagging")),
         "responsive_breakpoints": generate_responsive_breakpoints_string(options.get("responsive_breakpoints")),
@@ -1101,6 +1132,37 @@ def build_upload_params(**options):
     return params
 
 
+def handle_file_parameter(file, filename):
+    if not file:
+        return None
+
+    if PathLibPathType and isinstance(file, PathLibPathType):
+        name = filename or file.name
+        data = file.read_bytes()
+    elif isinstance(file, string_types):
+        if is_remote_url(file):
+            # URL
+            name = None
+            data = file
+        else:
+            # file path
+            name = filename or file
+            with open(file, "rb") as opened:
+                data = opened.read()
+    elif hasattr(file, 'read') and callable(file.read):
+        # stream
+        data = file.read()
+        name = filename or (file.name if hasattr(file, 'name') and isinstance(file.name, str) else "stream")
+    elif isinstance(file, tuple):
+        name, data = file
+    else:
+        # Not a string, not a stream
+        name = filename or "file"
+        data = file
+
+    return (name, data) if name else data
+
+
 def build_multi_and_sprite_params(**options):
     """
     Build params for multi, download_multi, generate_sprite, and download_generated_sprite methods
@@ -1166,8 +1228,21 @@ def __process_text_options(layer, layer_parameter):
 
 
 def process_layer(layer, layer_parameter):
-    if isinstance(layer, string_types) and layer.startswith("fetch:"):
-        layer = {"url": layer[len('fetch:'):]}
+    if isinstance(layer, string_types):
+        resource_type = None
+        if layer.startswith("fetch:"):
+            url = layer[len('fetch:'):]
+        elif layer.find(":fetch:", 0, 12) != -1:
+            resource_type, _, url = layer.split(":", 2)
+        else:
+            # nothing to process, a raw string, keep as is.
+            return layer
+
+        # handle remote fetch URL
+        layer = {"url": url, "type": "fetch"}
+        if resource_type:
+            layer["resource_type"] = resource_type
+
     if not isinstance(layer, dict):
         return layer
 
@@ -1176,19 +1251,19 @@ def process_layer(layer, layer_parameter):
     type = layer.get("type")
     public_id = layer.get("public_id")
     format = layer.get("format")
-    fetch = layer.get("url")
+    fetch_url = layer.get("url")
     components = list()
 
     if text is not None and resource_type is None:
         resource_type = "text"
 
-    if fetch and resource_type is None:
-        resource_type = "fetch"
+    if fetch_url and type is None:
+        type = "fetch"
 
     if public_id is not None and format is not None:
         public_id = public_id + "." + format
 
-    if public_id is None and resource_type != "text" and resource_type != "fetch":
+    if public_id is None and resource_type != "text" and type != "fetch":
         raise ValueError("Must supply public_id for for non-text " + layer_parameter)
 
     if resource_type is not None and resource_type != "image":
@@ -1212,8 +1287,6 @@ def process_layer(layer, layer_parameter):
 
         if text is not None:
             var_pattern = VAR_NAME_RE
-            match = re.findall(var_pattern, text)
-
             parts = filter(lambda p: p is not None, re.split(var_pattern, text))
             encoded_text = []
             for part in parts:
@@ -1223,11 +1296,9 @@ def process_layer(layer, layer_parameter):
                     encoded_text.append(smart_escape(smart_escape(part, r"([,/])")))
 
             text = ''.join(encoded_text)
-            # text = text.replace("%2C", "%252C")
-            # text = text.replace("/", "%252F")
             components.append(text)
-    elif resource_type == "fetch":
-        b64 = base64_encode_url(fetch)
+    elif type == "fetch":
+        b64 = base64url_encode(fetch_url)
         components.append(b64)
     else:
         public_id = public_id.replace("/", ':')
@@ -1359,8 +1430,7 @@ def normalize_expression(expression):
         result = re.sub(replaceRE, translate_if, result)
         result = re.sub('[ _]+', '_', result)
         return result
-    else:
-        return expression
+    return expression
 
 
 def __join_pair(key, value):
@@ -1368,8 +1438,7 @@ def __join_pair(key, value):
         return None
     elif value is True:
         return key
-    else:
-        return u"{0}=\"{1}\"".format(key, value)
+    return u"{0}=\"{1}\"".format(key, value)
 
 
 def html_attrs(attrs, only=None):
@@ -1379,10 +1448,15 @@ def html_attrs(attrs, only=None):
 def __safe_value(v):
     if isinstance(v, bool):
         return "1" if v else "0"
-    else:
-        return v
+    return v
 
 
+def __bool_string(v):
+    if isinstance(v, bool):
+        return "true" if v else "false"
+
+    return v
+
 def __crc(source):
     return str((zlib.crc32(to_bytearray(source)) & 0xffffffff) % 5 + 1)
 
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index 760747ea..a91534d0 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ bleach==6.1.0
 certifi==2024.2.2
 cheroot==10.0.0
 cherrypy==18.9.0
-cloudinary==1.34.0
+cloudinary==1.39.1
 distro==1.9.0
 dnspython==2.6.1
 facebook-sdk==3.1.0