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<h1 class="title">PHP Manual</h1>
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<div class="authorgroup" id="authors">
<div class="author vcard"><strong class="by">by</strong>:<br />
<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Mehdi</span> <span class="surname family-name">Achour</span>
</span>
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<div class="author vcard">
<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Friedhelm</span> <span class="surname family-name">Betz</span>
</span>
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<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Antony</span> <span class="surname family-name">Dovgal</span>
</span>
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<span class="firstname given-name">Nuno</span> <span class="surname family-name">Lopes</span>
</span>
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<span class="firstname given-name">Hannes</span> <span class="surname family-name">Magnusson</span>
</span>
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<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Georg</span> <span class="surname family-name">Richter</span>
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<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Damien</span> <span class="surname family-name">Seguy</span>
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<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Jakub</span> <span class="surname family-name">Vrana</span>
</span>
</div>
<div class="othercredit">
<span class="personname fn">
<span class="othername">
<a href="preface.php#contributors" class="link">And several others</a>
</span>
</span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pubdate">2012-03-23</div>
<div class="authorgroup" id="editors">
<div class="editor vcard"><strong class="editedby">Edited By</strong>:
<span class="personname fn">
<span class="firstname given-name">Philip</span> <span class="surname family-name">Olson</span>
</span>
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<div class="copyright">&copy;
<span class="year">1997-2012</span>
<span class="holder">the PHP Documentation Group</span>
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<ul class="chunklist chunklist_set"><li><a href="copyright.php">Copyright</a></li><li><a href="manual.php">PHP Manual</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="preface.php">Preface</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="getting-started.php">Getting Started</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="introduction.php">Introduction</a></li><li><a href="tutorial.php">A simple tutorial</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="install.php">Installation and Configuration</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="install.general.php">General Installation Considerations</a></li><li><a href="install.unix.php">Installation on Unix systems</a></li><li><a href="install.macosx.php">Installation on Mac OS X</a></li><li><a href="install.windows.php">Installation on Windows systems</a></li><li><a href="install.cloud.php">Installation on Cloud Computing platforms</a></li><li><a href="install.fpm.php">FastCGI Process Manager 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Manipulation</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="internals2.php">PHP at the Core: A Hacker's Guide to the Zend Engine</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="internals2.preface.php">Preface</a></li><li><a href="internals2.counter.php">The &quot;counter&quot; Extension - A Continuing Example</a></li><li><a href="internals2.buildsys.php">The PHP 5 build system</a></li><li><a href="internals2.structure.php">Extension structure</a></li><li><a href="internals2.memory.php">Memory management</a></li><li><a href="internals2.variables.php">Working with variables</a></li><li><a href="internals2.funcs.php">Writing functions</a></li><li><a href="internals2.objects.php">Working with classes and objects</a></li><li><a href="internals2.resources.php">Working with resources</a></li><li><a href="internals2.ini.php">Working with INI settings</a></li><li><a href="internals2.streams.php">Working with streams</a></li><li><a href="internals2.pdo.php">PDO Driver 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languages</a></li><li><a href="faq.migration5.php">Migrating from PHP 4 to PHP 5</a></li><li><a href="faq.misc.php">Miscellaneous Questions</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="appendices.php">Appendices</a><ul class="chunklist chunklist_set chunklist_children"><li><a href="history.php">History of PHP and Related Projects</a></li><li><a href="migration54.php">Migrating from PHP 5.3.x to PHP 5.4.x</a></li><li><a href="migration53.php">Migrating from PHP 5.2.x to PHP 5.3.x</a></li><li><a href="migration52.php">Migrating from PHP 5.1.x to PHP 5.2.x</a></li><li><a href="migration51.php">Migrating from PHP 5.0.x to PHP 5.1.x</a></li><li><a href="migration5.php">Migrating from PHP 4 to PHP 5.0.x</a></li><li><a href="oop4.php">Classes and Objects (PHP 4)</a></li><li><a href="debugger.php">Debugging in PHP</a></li><li><a href="configure.php">Configure options</a></li><li><a href="ini.php">php.ini directives</a></li><li><a href="extensions.php">Extension List/Categorization</a></li><li><a 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